Design and Evaluation of Ad Hoc Routing Protocol

Martine Wahl is a research fellow at the Université Gustave Eiffel, France. She holds an engineering degree from the Université Paris-Sud Orsay and a doctorate from Grenoble INP.Patrick Sondi is a professor at IMT Nord Europe, France. After studying prepolytechnics at the Université de Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, he obtained a doctorate in computer science at the Université de Valenciennes, France, then a qualification for research supervision at the Université du Littoral, France.

• Preface ixChapter 1 Challenges Involving Ad Hoc Communications on the Road 11.1. Introduction 11.2. The railway experience in the vehicular networks of the future 21.3. The contribution of ad hoc communications to vehicular networks 41.3.1. Maintaining connectivity and service continuity 51.3.2. Cooperation and performance improvement 61.3.3. Communications security and auditing 71.3.4. Technological evolution and depreciation 91.3.5. European harmonization 91.4. Conclusion 101.5. References 10Chapter 2 Functional Approach to Protocol Design 112.1. Introduction 112.2. Ad hoc routing protocol basics 132.2.1. Routing definition 132.2.2. Destination node identification 142.2.3. Route discovery and selection 152.2.4. Network topology discovery 192.3. A few strategies adopted by ad hoc routing protocols 212.3.1. Protocol strategies for establishing links 212.3.2. Protocol strategies in request dissemination 252.4. Ad hoc routing protocols for road traffic 292.4.1. Transposition of protocols from mobile ad hoc networks 292.4.2. Strategies and considerations for the road environment 302.4.3. Routing policies and quality of service metrics 392.5. Functional design approach: concepts and case study 422.5.1. Idea and approach 422.5.2 Overview of the case study protocol: Chain-Branch-Leaf 462.5.3. Modeling CBL in OLSR: CBL-OLSR 552.6. Conclusion 592.7. References 61Chapter 3 Models and Simulations for Performance Analysis 713.1. Introduction 713.2. Choice of road context and radio technology 753.3. Modeling and simulation tools for VANETs 783.3.1. Radio wave propagation model 803.3.2. Models for obtaining vehicle traces 853.3.3. Mobility simulators 893.3.4. Communication network simulators 913.3.5. VANET simulators 943.4. Choice of modeling and simulation tools 963.5. Definition of mobility scenarios in a highway context: example of the construction of mobility models 973.5.1 Mobility modeling with OPNET Riverbed Modeler 1063.6. Transmission modeling 1193.6.1. Choice of technology for frame transmission 1193.6.2. Parametrization of an 802.11p node under OPNET Riverbed Modeler 1223.6.3. Modeling the propagation channel 1223.6.4. Modeling the CBL-OLSR protocol in 802.11p nodes 1253.7. Conclusion 1263.8. References 127Chapter 4 Performance Evaluation of the Protocol for Collaborative Applications 1394.1. Study background 1394.2. Configuration of the mobile nodes 1434.3. Validation of the CBL-OLSR implementation in OPNET Riverbed Modeler 1474.3.1. Structural verification 1474.3.2. Analysis of routing traffic generated by CBL-OLSR versus OLSR 1504.3.3. Sensitivity to the propagation model 1544.4. CBL-OLSR system performance analysis with transfer of application data 1564.4.1. Introduction to collaborative perception and ego-localization applications 1564.4.2. Comparative analysis of CBL-OLSR with OLSR and AODV for unicast mode data transmission 1594.4.3. Performance evaluation of an extended perception application 1764.4.4. Multiple applications: extended perception and collaborative distributed localization 1814.5. Conclusion 1874.6. References 189Chapter 5 Formal Model for the Analysis of the Properties of the Protocol 1935.1. Introduction 1935.2. The contribution of formal methods to protocol engineering 1945.3. The Event-B method 1955.3.1. Mathematical concepts and notations of the Event-B method 1955.3.2. Event-B model structure 1965.3.3. Refinement concept 1975.3.4. Event-B model correction 1975.4. Formal approach applied to the protocol of the case study 1985.4.1. Formal description of the organization by CBL in a VANET 1995.4.2. CBL rules and properties in a VANET 2025.5. A correct-by-construction model of CBL with Event-B 2045.5.1. Level 1: basic model for any routing protocol 2045.5.2. Level 2: mobility and communications modeling 2075.5.3. Level 3: CBL rules and properties modeling 2125.6. Model validation 2185.6.1. Model validation by animation 2185.6.2. Model correction by offloading proof obligations 2205.7. Conclusion 2235.8. References 224Chapter 6 Integration of Ad Hoc Components in a Global Infrastructure 2276.1. Introduction 2276.2. Ensuring connectivity and services 2276.3. Cooperation and performance improvement 2296.4. Evolution of design and evaluation methods 2316.5. Conclusion 2386.6. References 239List of Authors 241Index 243