Kenneth A. Walters, Michael S. Roberts

• Skin structure, pharmaceutics, cosmetics, efficacy and toxicology of topically applied agents. Drugs used for skin diseases. Treatment of dermatitis. Evolution of cosmeceuticals and their application to skin disorders, including aging and blemishes. Biology of skin pigmentation and cosmetic skin color control. Evidence based cosmeceutical therapy. Skin Hydration - a key determinant in topical absorption. Epidemiology of skin barrier function: host and environment factors. Permeability through diseased and damaged skin. Targeting the pilosebaceous gland. Drug penetration enhancement through human nail and skin. Getting the dose right in dermatological therapy. Drugs for pain and inflammation. Novel topically active anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial compounds for use in acne. Codrugs: potential therapies for dermatological diseases. Topical therapeutic agents used in wound care. Established and Emerging Oral Antifungals in Dermatology. Hydroxy acids and retinoids in cosmetic products. Natural ingredients used in cosmeceuticals. The influence of formulation design on the clinical performance of topically applied formulations. Dry skin and moisturizers. Antioxidants in the skin: dermatological and cosmeceutical aspects. Absorption and evaporation of volatile compounds applied to skin. Efficacy, absorption and safety of essential oils. Sunscreens: efficacy, skin penetration and toxicological aspects. Efficacy and safety of Tea Tree and other oils. Safety assessments based on exposure, penetration and toxicity considerations. Non-invasive evaluation of skin in the cosmetic industry. Application of in vivo laser scanning microscopy for skin analysis in dermatology and cosmetology. Chemical penetration enhancement: possibilities and problems. Multicomponent formulations of chemical penetration enhancers. Iontophoresis. DNA transfer in the skin. Pressure waves for transdermal drug delivery. Microneedle arrays as transcutaneous delivery devices. Needle-free ballistic delivery of powdered immunotherapeutics to the skin using supersonic gas flow.

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