Deploying IPv6 in 3GPP Networks

Evolving Mobile Broadband from 2G to LTE and Beyond

Inbunden, Engelska, 2013

AvJouni Korhonen,Teemu Savolainen,Jonne Soininen,Finland) Korhonen, Jouni (formerly Nokia Siemens Networks, now Renesas Mobile,Finland) Savolainen, Teemu (Nokia Research Center,Finland) Soininen, Jonne (Renesas Mobile

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Deploying IPv6 in 3GPP Networks – Evolving Mobile Broadband from 2G to LTE and Beyond A practical guide enabling mobile operators to deploy IPv6 with confidenceThe most widely used cellular mobile broadband network technology is based on the 3GPP standards. The history and background of the 3GPP technology is in the Global Mobile Service (GSM) technology and the work done in European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). This primary voice service network has evolved to be the dominant mobile Internet access technology.Deploying IPv6 in 3GPP Networks covers how Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is currently defined in the industry standards for cellular mobile broadband, why and how this route was taken in the technology, and what is the current reality of the deployment. Furthermore, it offers the authors’ views on how some possible IPv6 related advances 3GPP networks may be improved during the coming years. It gives guidance how to implement and deploy IPv6 correctly in the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) mobile broadband environment, and what issues one may face when doing so. The book covers 3GPP technologies from 2G to LTE, and offers some ideas for the future. Key features written by highly respected and experienced authors from the IPv6 / mobile worldProvides an explanation of the technical background for some not-so-obvious design choices, what to concentrate on, and what transition strategies should be used by the vendors and the operatorsOffers a useful reference guide for operators and vendors entering into IPv6 business

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2013-05-10
Mått175 x 254 x 25 mm
Vikt748 g
FormatInbunden
SpråkEngelska
SerieNSN/Nokia Series
Antal sidor418
FörlagJohn Wiley & Sons Inc
ISBN9781118398296

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Elektronik och kommunikationer inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

Foreword xviiPreface xixAcknowledgments xxiAcronyms xxiiiGlossary xxxiii1 Introduction 11.1 Introduction to Internet and the Internet Protocol 21.2 Internet Principles 21.3 The Internet Protocol 41.3.1 Networks of Networks 61.3.2 Routing and Forwarding 71.4 Internet Protocol Addresses 91.4.1 IPv4 Addresses 91.4.2 IPv6 Addresses 111.5 Transport Protocols 121.5.1 User Datagram Protocol 131.5.2 Transmission Control Protocol 131.5.3 Port Numbers and Services 141.6 Domain Name Service 141.6.1 DNS Structure 141.6.2 DNS Operation 151.6.3 Top Level Domain 161.6.4 Internationalized Domain Names 171.7 IPv4 Address Exhaustion 171.7.1 IP Address Allocation 181.7.2 History of IPv4 Address Exhaustion 191.8 IPv6 History Thus Far 211.8.1 IPv6 Technology Maturity 211.8.2 IPv6 Network Deployments 221.9 Ongoing Cellular Deployments 231.10 Chapter Summary 241.11 Suggested Reading 24References 242 Basics of the 3GPP Technologies 272.1 Standardization and Specifications 272.1.1 3GPP Standardization Process 282.1.2 IETF Standardization Process 312.1.3 Other Important Organizations in the 3GPP-Ecosystem 332.2 Introduction to 3GPP Network Architecture and Protocols 342.2.1 GSM System 342.2.2 General Packet Radio Service 362.2.3 Evolved Packet System 412.2.4 Control and User Planes, and Transport and User Layer Separation 442.3 3GPP Protocols 452.3.1 Control-Plane Protocols 462.3.2 User-Plane Protocols 532.3.3 GPRS Tunneling Protocol Versions 552.3.4 PMIP Based EPS Architecture 562.4 Mobility and Roaming 582.4.1 Mobility Management 592.4.2 Roaming 602.4.3 Mobility Management Beyond 3GPP 602.5 Central Concepts for IP Connectivity 612.5.1 PDP Contexts and EPS Bearers 612.5.2 Access Point Name 632.5.3 Traffic Flow Template 642.5.4 3GPP Link Model Principles 652.5.5 Multiple Packet Data Network Connections 672.6 User Equipment 682.6.1 Traditional 3GPP UE Model 692.6.2 Split-UE 692.7 Subscription Management Databases and Other Backend Systems 702.7.1 Home Location Register and Authentication Center 702.7.2 Home Subscriber Server 712.7.3 Equipment Identity Register 712.7.4 Other Backend Systems 712.8 End-to-end View from the User Equipment to the Internet 722.8.1 GPRS 722.8.2 EPS 732.9 Chapter Summary 752.10 Suggested Reading 75References 763 Introduction to IPv6 793.1 IPv6 Addressing Architecture 803.1.1 IPv6 Address Format 803.1.2 IPv6 Address Types 813.1.3 IPv6 Address Scopes 813.1.4 IPv6 Addressing Zones 823.1.5 IPv6 Addresses on Network Interfaces 823.1.6 Interface Identifier and the Modified EUI-64 833.1.7 IPv6 Address Space Allocations 843.1.8 Special IPv6 Address Formats 843.1.9 Textual Presentations of IPv6 Addresses 863.2 IPv6 Packet Header Structure and Extensibility 873.2.1 Traffic Class and Flow Label 883.2.2 IPv6 Extension Headers 903.2.3 MTU and Fragmentation 923.2.4 Multicast 943.3 Internet Control Message Protocol Version 6 973.3.1 Error Messages 983.3.2 Informational Messages 1003.4 Neighbor Discovery Protocol 1013.4.1 Router Discovery 1013.4.2 Parameter Discovery 1023.4.3 On-link Determination 1043.4.4 Link-layer Address Resolution 1043.4.5 Neighbor Unreachability Detection 1053.4.6 Next-hop Determination 1063.4.7 Duplicate Address Detection 1063.4.8 Redirect 1073.4.9 Secure Neighbor Discovery 1073.4.10 Neighbor Discovery Proxies 1083.5 Address Configuration and Selection Approaches 1093.5.1 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration 1103.5.2 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Version 6 1123.5.3 IKEv2 1173.5.4 Address Selection 1183.5.5 Privacy and Cryptographically Generated Addresses 1203.5.6 Router Selection 1213.6 IPv6 Link Types and Models 1223.6.1 IPv6 over Point-to-point Links 1233.6.2 IPv6 over Shared Media 1243.6.3 Link Numbering 1253.6.4 Bridging of Link Types 1263.7 Mobile IP 1263.7.1 Detecting Network Attachment 1263.7.2 Host-based Mobile IP 1273.7.3 Network-based Mobile IP 1283.8 IP Security 1303.8.1 Security Protocols 1313.8.2 Security Associations 1313.8.3 Key Management 1323.8.4 Cryptographic Algorithms 1323.8.5 MOBIKE 1323.9 Application Programming Interfaces 1333.9.1 Socket APIs 1333.9.2 Address Family Agnostic APIs 1333.9.3 IP Address Literals and Unique Resource Identifiers 1343.9.4 Happy Eyeballs 1343.10 Implications of IPv6 for Other Protocols 1363.10.1 Transport Layer Protocols 1363.10.2 Domain Name System 1373.10.3 Applications 1413.10.4 Internet Routing 1413.10.5 Management Information Base 1433.11 Validation and Certification 1443.11.1 Test Suites 1443.11.2 IPv6 Ready Logo 1443.12 Example IPv6 Packet Flows 1453.12.1 IPv6 on Ethernet 1463.12.2 IPv6 with DNS and TCP 1533.13 Chapter Summary 155References 1564 IPv6 in 3GPP Networks 1634.1 PDN Connectivity Service 1634.1.1 Bearer Concept 1644.1.2 PDP and PDN Types 1664.1.3 Link Models in 3GPP 1684.2 End User IPv6 Service Impact on the 3GPP System 1724.2.1 User, Control and Transport Planes 1724.2.2 Affected Networking Elements 1734.2.3 Charging and Billing 1804.2.4 External PDN Access and the (S)Gi Interface 1824.2.5 Roaming Challenges 1874.3 End User IPv6 Service Impact on GTP and PMIPv6 Protocols 1894.3.1 GTP Control Plane Version 1 1894.3.2 GTP Control Plane Version 2 1914.3.3 GTP User Plane 1944.3.4 PMIPv6 1944.4 IP Address Assignment, Configuration, and Management 1954.4.1 Addressing Assumptions 1954.4.2 Stateless IPv6 Address Autoconfiguration 1974.4.3 Stateful IPv6 Address Configuration 2004.4.4 Deferred Address Allocation 2004.4.5 Static IPv6 Addressing 2014.4.6 IPv6 Prefix Delegation 2044.4.7 NAS Protocol Signaling and PCO Options 2074.4.8 Initial E-UTRAN Attach Example with IPv4 and IPv6 Address Configuration 2114.5 Bearer Establishment and Fallback Scenarios 2144.5.1 Initial Connection Establishment 2144.5.2 Backward Compatibility with Earlier Releases 2154.5.3 Dual Address Bearer Flag 2154.5.4 Requested PDN Type Handling in a PGW 2164.5.5 Fallback Scenarios and Rules 2174.5.6 Inter-RAT Handovers and Inter-SGSN Routing Area Updates 2184.6 Signaling Interfaces 2194.6.1 IPv6 as Transport 2194.6.2 IPv6 in Information Element Level 2194.7 User Equipment Specific Considerations 2204.7.1 IPv6 and Impacted Layers 2204.7.2 Required RFCs for Host UEs 2224.7.3 DNS Issues 2234.7.4 Provisioning 2244.7.5 IPv6 Tethering 2254.7.6 IPv6 Application Support 2274.8 Multicast 2274.9 Known IPv6 Issues and Anomalies 2284.9.1 IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Considerations 2294.9.2 PDN Connection Model and Multiple IPv6 Prefixes 2334.10 IPv6 Specific Security Considerations 2334.10.1 IPv6 Addressing Threats 2344.10.2 IPv6 First-hop Security 2364.10.3 IPv6 Extension Header Exploits 2374.11 Chapter Summary 239References 2405 IPv6 Transition Mechanisms for 3GPP Networks 2485.1 Motivation for Transition Mechanisms 2485.1.1 Phasing the Transition 2505.2 Technology Overview 2515.2.1 Translation 2515.2.2 Encapsulation 2535.2.3 Mesh or Hub-and-spoke 2545.2.4 Scalability Concerns 2555.3 Transition Toolbox 2555.3.1 Transition Solutions Not Included 2565.3.2 Dual-stack 2575.3.3 NAT64 and DNS64 2585.3.4 464XLAT 2695.3.5 Bump-In-the-Host 2715.3.6 Mapping Address and Port Number 2725.3.7 Other Tunneling or Translation Based Transition Mechanisms 2755.4 Transition Scenarios for 3GPP 2775.4.1 Transition Scenario Evolution 2785.4.2 Dual-stack 2805.4.3 IPv6-only 2815.4.4 Double Translation 2815.5 Transition Impacts on 3GPP Architecture 2825.5.1 Transition Impact on the Supporting Infrastructure 2825.5.2 IP Network Support Systems 2835.5.3 Tools to Divide Subscribers Per IP Capability 2855.5.4 Translation Implications 2865.5.5 Transition Support in the Transport Plane 2875.5.6 Roaming 2875.5.7 Impact of Delayed Transition to IPv6 2885.6 Transitioning to IPv6 2895.6.1 Application Developer’s Transition Plan 2905.6.2 Phone Vendor’s Transition Plan 2905.6.3 Network Operator’s Transition Checklist 2905.7 Chapter Summary 292References 2936 Future of IPv6 in 3GPP Networks 2966.1 IPv6-based Traffic Offloading Solutions 2966.1.1 Motivations in Cellular Networks 2976.1.2 Benefits of IPv6-based Offloading Approaches 2996.1.3 IP-friendly Offloading Solutions 2996.1.4 Concluding Remarks 3036.2 Evolving 3GPP Bearers to Multiple Prefixes and Next-hop Routers 3046.2.1 Background and Motivation 3046.2.2 Multi-prefix Bearer Solution Proposal 3056.2.3 Overall Impact Analysis 3116.2.4 Open Issues and Future Work 3136.3 LTE as the Uplink Access for Home Networks 3136.3.1 Homenet at IETF 3136.3.2 Homenet and 3GPP Architecture 3146.3.3 Additional 3GPP Deployment Options 3156.4 Port Control Protocol 3166.4.1 Deployment Scenarios 3176.4.2 Protocol Features 3186.4.3 PCP Server Discovery 3196.4.4 Protocol Messages 3196.4.5 Cascaded NATs 3206.4.6 Relation to IPv6 Transition 3206.5 Internet of Things 3216.5.1 Typical Use Cases 3216.5.2 Standardization Organizations Working with IoT 3226.5.3 IoT Domain from the 3GPP Point of View 3276.5.4 Implications to UEs 3286.5.5 Implications to 3GPP Networks 3296.6 Chapter Summary 331References 332Index 337