Taking the new structural economics as the theoretical tools, this book obtains the maximum understanding of the history, development, current situation, and trend of the change of world economic structure, as well as China's role in its development and its underlying laws and policies, analyzes the polarization between the rich and poor for countries worldwide, and provides a way for them to achieve common prosperity.The world is going through a new round of major transformation. Profound adjustment has been made in international economy, science, culture, security, and politics, and the international development environment is undergoing profound changes. In this context, this book profoundly and systematically explains the underlying economic transition logic of world development and the general trend of China’s relationship with the world and presents the entire process of world economic development. Readers who pay close attention to the development of the world economy, China's economic development, and China's role in the world economy will find this book very fascinating.