Deferring Development

Cory Bishop, Associate Professor in the Department of Biology at St. Francis-Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada, received his PhD in Evolutionary Developmental Biology from Simon Fraser University, where he studied cellular and molecular regulation by nitric oxide signaling of metamorphosis in Deuterostomes. Throughout that work, and into his postdoctoral years, he maintained an interest in comparative embryology, larval biology, and life cycle evolution, especially as it related to the capacity of larvae to defer metamorphosis in the face of suboptimal conditions. He and colleagues developed methods to inject oligonucleotides into sea urchin juvenile rudiments, thus providing a method to experimentally investigate later stages that form inside the larval body. As a member of the Centre for Biofouling Research at St. Francis-Xavier University, he has applied his interest in metamorphosis to developing antifouling strategies for invasive species and, more recently, has focused his attention on a symbiotic relationship between unicellular green algae and embryos of several amphibians.Brian K. Hall, University Research Professor Emeritus at Dalhousie University in Halifax, NS, Canada, was trained in Australia as an experimental embryologist. His research concentrated on the differentiation of skeletal tissues, especially, how epithelial-mesenchymal signaling initiates osteogenesis and chondrogenesis through the formation of cellular condensations. These studies led him to earlier stages of development and the origin and function of skeletogenic neural crest cells. Comparative studies using embryos from all five classes of vertebrates provided a strong evolutionary component to his research. These studies, along with analyses of the developmental basis of homology, played significant roles in the establishing of evolutionary developmental biology. A Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, Foreign Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Science, and recipient of a Killam Prize, he was one of eight individuals awarded the first Kovalevsky Medals in 2001 to recognize the most distinguished scientists of the twentieth century in comparative zoology and evolutionary embryology.

• Section I Deferred-use Cells and Niches. 1. Deferred-Use Cells in Development and Evolution A Life History Perspective. 2. Deferred-Use Molecules and Decision-Making in Development. 3. Coevolution of the Cell Cycle and Deferred-Use Cells. Section II Origin of Deferred-Use Cells and Their Niches: Phylogenetic Approaches. 4. The Early Evolution of Cellular Reprogramming in Animals. 5. Macroalgae as Underexploited Model Systems for Stem Cell Research. 6. Meristems, Stem Cells, and Stem Cell Niches in Vascular Land Plants. 7. Planarian Neoblasts: Nondeferred, Multipurpose Stem Cells for Body Homeostasis, Growth, Degrowth, and Regeneration. 8. Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells: Adult Stem Cells with Multipotential Capacity. Section III Deferred-Use Cells in Development and Evolution. 9. Sustained Pluripotency Underwrites Extreme Developmental and Reproductive Plasticity. 10. The Coordination of Insect Imaginal Discs and the Regulation and Evolution of Complex Worker Caste Systems of Ants. 11. Evolution of Adaptive Immunity through Set-Aside Cells. 12. The Lack of Human Somatic Set-Aside Cells and Cancer Risks. 13. Microbes: New Actors in the Stem Cell Niche. 14. Stem Cells in a Holobiont: Lessons from Hydra. Subject Index. Systematic Index.