Aaron Edwards is Senior Lecturer in Defence and International Affairs at the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst

• AbbreviationsPreface and Acknowledgements Introduction Drawing Lines in the Sand: Withdrawal from Palestine Winning ‘Hearts and Minds’: From Imperialism to Independence in Malaya Quelling Rebellion: Countering the Mau Mau in Kenya Securing the Base: Fighting Terrorists in Cyprus Holding the Thin Red Line: Retreat from Aden Soldiering the Peace: Combating Terrorism in Northern Ireland Return to Mesopotamia: The Politics of Britain’s Military Intervention in Iraq Building Peace amidst Conflict: Britain’s Changing Strategy in Afghanistan since 2001 Conclusion Select Bibliography Index

Counterinsurgency campaigns are too often analysed in the context of competing tactical approaches. Aaron Edwards focuses on the strategy and civil-military relations of post-World War II British counterinsurgency, making Defending the realm? an important and timely contribution to current debates on the challenges and costs of counterinsurgency. Douglas Porch, Distinguished Professor of National Security Affairs at the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CaliforniaA tour de force of modern British counterinsurgency, spanning over eight major campaigns since 1945 – Dr Aaron Edwards deserves congratulation for such meticulous research into each of these politically unique episodes. He has drawn on much material previously unpublished in his analysis of Britain’s imperial decline and his focus on the political dimension rather than the military actualities of each campaign is refreshing. In all, Dr Edwards has provided an invaluable account of the differences between each and every British counterinsurgency campaign since 1945, explaining why they differed rather than attempting to develop yet another paradigm in counterinsurgency.Col. David Benest, Former CO, 2 Para and former counter-insurgency advisor to the British Ambassador in AfghanistanAaron Edwards subjects Britain's experience of warfare against irregular enemies in 'small wars' since 1945 to the thorough strategic examination that it needs. While Defending the realm? tells the stories of eight 'small wars' in convincing detail, it does so very much with appropriate help from the guiding light provided by a firm grasp of the theory of strategy. Edwards' work is outstanding in its achievement of a successful marriage between history and strategic studies. He uses Clausewitz pervasively, though not intrusively or slavishly, as he insists on analysing the British strategic experience in its full political context. This is an exceptional book that must register as a major contribution to our understanding.Professor Colin S. Gray, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of ReadingEdwards provides an invaluable account of the differences between each British counter-insurgency campaign since 1945, explaining why they differed rather than attempting to develop yet another paradigm of counter-insurgency.A concise, readable text that should be of interest to students and scholars of British foreign policy, international relations, and security studies.Edwards offers rich historical descriptions of important case-studies.

Aaron Edwards is Senior Lecturer in Defence and International Affairs at the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst

• AbbreviationsPreface and Acknowledgements Introduction Drawing Lines in the Sand: Withdrawal from Palestine Winning ‘Hearts and Minds’: From Imperialism to Independence in Malaya Quelling Rebellion: Countering the Mau Mau in Kenya Securing the Base: Fighting Terrorists in Cyprus Holding the Thin Red Line: Retreat from Aden Soldiering the Peace: Combating Terrorism in Northern Ireland Return to Mesopotamia: The Politics of Britain’s Military Intervention in Iraq Building Peace amidst Conflict: Britain’s Changing Strategy in Afghanistan since 2001 Conclusion Select Bibliography Index

Counterinsurgency campaigns are too often analysed in the context of competing tactical approaches. Aaron Edwards focuses on the strategy and civil-military relations of post-World War II British counterinsurgency, making Defending the realm? an important and timely contribution to current debates on the challenges and costs of counterinsurgency. Douglas Porch, Distinguished Professor of National Security Affairs at the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CaliforniaA tour de force of modern British counterinsurgency, spanning over eight major campaigns since 1945 – Dr Aaron Edwards deserves congratulation for such meticulous research into each of these politically unique episodes. He has drawn on much material previously unpublished in his analysis of Britain’s imperial decline and his focus on the political dimension rather than the military actualities of each campaign is refreshing. In all, Dr Edwards has provided an invaluable account of the differences between each and every British counterinsurgency campaign since 1945, explaining why they differed rather than attempting to develop yet another paradigm in counterinsurgency.Col. David Benest, Former CO, 2 Para and former counter-insurgency advisor to the British Ambassador in AfghanistanAaron Edwards subjects Britain's experience of warfare against irregular enemies in 'small wars' since 1945 to the thorough strategic examination that it needs. While Defending the realm? tells the stories of eight 'small wars' in convincing detail, it does so very much with appropriate help from the guiding light provided by a firm grasp of the theory of strategy. Edwards' work is outstanding in its achievement of a successful marriage between history and strategic studies. He uses Clausewitz pervasively, though not intrusively or slavishly, as he insists on analysing the British strategic experience in its full political context. This is an exceptional book that must register as a major contribution to our understanding.Professor Colin S. Gray, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of ReadingEdwards provides an invaluable account of the differences between each British counter-insurgency campaign since 1945, explaining why they differed rather than attempting to develop yet another paradigm of counter-insurgency.A concise, readable text that should be of interest to students and scholars of British foreign policy, international relations, and security studies.Edwards offers rich historical descriptions of important case-studies.

Aaron Edwards is Senior Lecturer in Defence and International Affairs at the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst

• AbbreviationsPreface and Acknowledgements Introduction Drawing Lines in the Sand: Withdrawal from Palestine Winning ‘Hearts and Minds’: From Imperialism to Independence in Malaya Quelling Rebellion: Countering the Mau Mau in Kenya Securing the Base: Fighting Terrorists in Cyprus Holding the Thin Red Line: Retreat from Aden Soldiering the Peace: Combating Terrorism in Northern Ireland Return to Mesopotamia: The Politics of Britain’s Military Intervention in Iraq Building Peace amidst Conflict: Britain’s Changing Strategy in Afghanistan since 2001 Conclusion Select Bibliography Index

Counterinsurgency campaigns are too often analysed in the context of competing tactical approaches. Aaron Edwards focuses on the strategy and civil-military relations of post-World War II British counterinsurgency, making Defending the realm? an important and timely contribution to current debates on the challenges and costs of counterinsurgency. Douglas Porch, Distinguished Professor of National Security Affairs at the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CaliforniaA tour de force of modern British counterinsurgency, spanning over eight major campaigns since 1945 – Dr Aaron Edwards deserves congratulation for such meticulous research into each of these politically unique episodes. He has drawn on much material previously unpublished in his analysis of Britain’s imperial decline and his focus on the political dimension rather than the military actualities of each campaign is refreshing. In all, Dr Edwards has provided an invaluable account of the differences between each and every British counterinsurgency campaign since 1945, explaining why they differed rather than attempting to develop yet another paradigm in counterinsurgency.Col. David Benest, Former CO, 2 Para and former counter-insurgency advisor to the British Ambassador in AfghanistanAaron Edwards subjects Britain's experience of warfare against irregular enemies in 'small wars' since 1945 to the thorough strategic examination that it needs. While Defending the realm? tells the stories of eight 'small wars' in convincing detail, it does so very much with appropriate help from the guiding light provided by a firm grasp of the theory of strategy. Edwards' work is outstanding in its achievement of a successful marriage between history and strategic studies. He uses Clausewitz pervasively, though not intrusively or slavishly, as he insists on analysing the British strategic experience in its full political context. This is an exceptional book that must register as a major contribution to our understanding.Professor Colin S. Gray, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of ReadingEdwards provides an invaluable account of the differences between each British counter-insurgency campaign since 1945, explaining why they differed rather than attempting to develop yet another paradigm of counter-insurgency.A concise, readable text that should be of interest to students and scholars of British foreign policy, international relations, and security studies.Edwards offers rich historical descriptions of important case-studies.