Defence Planning for Small and Middle Powers

Tim Sweijs is Director of Research at The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies and Senior Research Fellow at the War Studies Research Centre of the Netherlands Defence Academy.Saskia van Genugten is Senior Director at MacroScope Strategies (M2S).Frans Osinga is Professor of War Studies, Leiden University.

• 1. Introduction 2. Australia: The Limits of Pragmatism 3. The Contours of Singapore's Defence Planning: Rethinking Deterrence, Defence Diplomacy, and Resilience 4. Israel’s Innovation as a Main Pillar of Defence Planning 5. Finland’s Defence Planning in Times of Geopolitical Disruption: ‘Never Again Alone’ 6. Retail Path-Dependence: Indonesia’s Post-Authoritarian Defence Planning 7. Emirati defence planning: The overriding importance of the political-cultural system 8. Leveraging Dependencies: Defence Planning in the Sultanate of Oman 9. Turkey: Rising or a Falling Star? 10. Defence Planning in the Netherlands 11. Becoming a Good Ally: Slovak Defence Planning Since Independence 12. Canada and Force Planning: From Making a Virtue of Necessity to the Necessity of Virtue 13. Conclusion

'This is a fascinating book—one built around a conceptual structure and implemented with well chosen, contrasting case studies. It begins with recognition that small and medium size countries do defense planning, but go about it very differently than great powers because “their outlook, ambitions , global recognition, dependencies, and available resources tend to differ substantially from great powers.” That said, how do they go about it? They encounter dilemmas and contradictions, including some relating to self-image. What happens varies across the cases (Australia, Canada, Finland, Indonesia, Israel, Netherlands, Oman, Singapore, Slovakia, and the United Arab Emirates). As both scholars and practitioners will appreciate, the differences reflect objective matters such as geography, size, and resources, but also the nations’ history, culture, personalities, and politics,. Commonalities can be found, as can rules of thumb about what factors matter, but changes also occur in response to events and to trends in military technology, authoritarianism, shooting wars, and domestic politics. The authors deserve credit for a very interesting book with much to teach those familiar only with major-power planning.'Paul K. Davis, Senior Principal Researcher (retired) (RAND) and Professor, Pardee RAND Graduate School, Santa Monica, California'Students of international security, strategic and military studies have long neglected what most military and civilian defence practitioners do most of the time: prepare and build the future force through various forms of defence planning. This book fills that important gap in the literature with a series of rich and well-structured national case studies that will be relevant for anyone trying to understand defence planning issues beyond the great powers. With powerful analytical categories for the comparative study of defence planning, the book's general framework and specific findings will be highly useful for both expert practitioners and future research.' Henrik Breitenbauch, Dean, Royal Danish Defence College, Denmark'In a world that is increasingly dangerous, small and medium powers face unique challenges when it comes to defence planning and military innovation. This volume offers incisive and long overdue comparative analysis of how smaller states prepare to defend themselves. Essential reading for our times.'Theo Farrell, President, La Trobe University, Australia