Aiden P. Foster, PhD is past president of the BDVA and an honorary senior lecturer at the University of Bristol, UK, having spent his career working in academia and the civil service. His work has focused on veterinary dermatology (including livestock), publishing (as a journal editor and author) and disease surveillance in livestock and wildlife, including deer.

• List of Contributors ixForeword xiiiPreface xviiAcknowledgements xixList of Tables xxiList of Illustrations/Images xxiii1 Introduction to Cervids 12 Managing, Handling and Moving Deer 453 Analgesia, euthanasia, restraint and sedation in deer 514 Surgical Interventions and Imaging Methods in Deer 635 Deer in Deer Parks 696 An Overview of Red Deer Farming in the United Kingdom 817 Wild Deer in the UK (Health and Welfare, Deer-Vehicle Collisions and Disease Surveillance) 898 Venison in the United Kingdom 1059 Rehabilitation of Deer 11510 Antlers 12311 Reproduction in Deer 13712 Nutrition of Deer 15113 Notifiable Diseases in Deer – Chronic Wasting Disease 17714 Notifiable Diseases in Deer – Mycobacterium bovis Infection 18315 Serological Methods and Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Deer 19716 Notifiable Diseases in Deer 20517 Malignant Catarrhal Fever in Deer 21118 Gastrointestinal Diseases in Deer – Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis and Johne’s Disease 21919 Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Parasite Diseases in Deer 23520 Gastrointestinal Diseases in Deer 24521 Zoonotic Agents and Deer (Cryptosporidiosis, Salmonellosis, Toxoplasmosis and SARS-CoV-2) 25122 Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli in Deer 26523 Neurological Diseases in Deer 27324 Respiratory Parasite Diseases in Deer 28325 Respiratory Diseases in Deer – Bacterial, Fungal and Viral 29326 Skin Diseases in Deer 30727 Deer Ophthalmology – A Practical Approach to Deer Ophthalmic Examination 32128 Lameness and Hoof Problems in Deer 34529 Vector-borne Infections in Deer – Threat to Deer Health and Role of Deer in Transmission of Diseases of Veterinary and Medical Importance 35930 Muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi) 37131 Reindeer 38532 An Overview of Diseases of Farmed White-tailed Deer 39533 Anatomical Pathology and Deer – A Guide to Postmortem Examination and Pathology 42334 Cervine Formulary 435Index 459

"The cervine drug formulary is particularly excellent in that it not only lists available drugs and doses, but also attempts to tabulate these according to the published evidence for their use in deer species both in the UK and elsewhere. Personally, the formulary alone would be a reason enough for me to buy this book"—Liz Mullineaux, RCVS recognised specialist in wildlife medicine (mammalian) and Senior Vice President, BVA (Vet Record, Jan 2026) "This book will appeal to anyone in the deer sector with an equiring mind, although it is written primarily for veterinary surgeons.... The accompanying photographs of lesions would be very useful for any deer manager."—Alan S. Marshall, British Deer Society (BDS) South West Scotland branch (Deer, Spring 2026)"Chapter 34, Cervine Formulary, provides, for the first time, a comprehensive list, with relevant notes, of drugs that have been or can be used in treatment of deer in many situations. It provides dosage and administration information, and perhaps most importantly, drugs that should not be used under any circumstances ... for veterinarians working with deer, this book is an essential part of their library and a useful resource for deer farmers."—Jerry Haigh, University of Saskatchewan, Canada (Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 62/3, 2026)

Aiden P. Foster, PhD is past president of the BDVA and an honorary senior lecturer at the University of Bristol, UK, having spent his career working in academia and the civil service. His work has focused on veterinary dermatology (including livestock), publishing (as a journal editor and author) and disease surveillance in livestock and wildlife, including deer.

• List of Contributors ixForeword xiiiPreface xviiAcknowledgements xixList of Tables xxiList of Illustrations/Images xxiii1 Introduction to Cervids 12 Managing, Handling and Moving Deer 453 Analgesia, euthanasia, restraint and sedation in deer 514 Surgical Interventions and Imaging Methods in Deer 635 Deer in Deer Parks 696 An Overview of Red Deer Farming in the United Kingdom 817 Wild Deer in the UK (Health and Welfare, Deer-Vehicle Collisions and Disease Surveillance) 898 Venison in the United Kingdom 1059 Rehabilitation of Deer 11510 Antlers 12311 Reproduction in Deer 13712 Nutrition of Deer 15113 Notifiable Diseases in Deer – Chronic Wasting Disease 17714 Notifiable Diseases in Deer – Mycobacterium bovis Infection 18315 Serological Methods and Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Deer 19716 Notifiable Diseases in Deer 20517 Malignant Catarrhal Fever in Deer 21118 Gastrointestinal Diseases in Deer – Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis and Johne’s Disease 21919 Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Parasite Diseases in Deer 23520 Gastrointestinal Diseases in Deer 24521 Zoonotic Agents and Deer (Cryptosporidiosis, Salmonellosis, Toxoplasmosis and SARS-CoV-2) 25122 Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli in Deer 26523 Neurological Diseases in Deer 27324 Respiratory Parasite Diseases in Deer 28325 Respiratory Diseases in Deer – Bacterial, Fungal and Viral 29326 Skin Diseases in Deer 30727 Deer Ophthalmology – A Practical Approach to Deer Ophthalmic Examination 32128 Lameness and Hoof Problems in Deer 34529 Vector-borne Infections in Deer – Threat to Deer Health and Role of Deer in Transmission of Diseases of Veterinary and Medical Importance 35930 Muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi) 37131 Reindeer 38532 An Overview of Diseases of Farmed White-tailed Deer 39533 Anatomical Pathology and Deer – A Guide to Postmortem Examination and Pathology 42334 Cervine Formulary 435Index 459

"The cervine drug formulary is particularly excellent in that it not only lists available drugs and doses, but also attempts to tabulate these according to the published evidence for their use in deer species both in the UK and elsewhere. Personally, the formulary alone would be a reason enough for me to buy this book"—Liz Mullineaux, RCVS recognised specialist in wildlife medicine (mammalian) and Senior Vice President, BVA (Vet Record, Jan 2026) "This book will appeal to anyone in the deer sector with an equiring mind, although it is written primarily for veterinary surgeons.... The accompanying photographs of lesions would be very useful for any deer manager."—Alan S. Marshall, British Deer Society (BDS) South West Scotland branch (Deer, Spring 2026)"Chapter 34, Cervine Formulary, provides, for the first time, a comprehensive list, with relevant notes, of drugs that have been or can be used in treatment of deer in many situations. It provides dosage and administration information, and perhaps most importantly, drugs that should not be used under any circumstances ... for veterinarians working with deer, this book is an essential part of their library and a useful resource for deer farmers."—Jerry Haigh, University of Saskatchewan, Canada (Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 62/3, 2026)

Aiden P. Foster, PhD is past president of the BDVA and an honorary senior lecturer at the University of Bristol, UK, having spent his career working in academia and the civil service. His work has focused on veterinary dermatology (including livestock), publishing (as a journal editor and author) and disease surveillance in livestock and wildlife, including deer.

• List of Contributors ixForeword xiiiPreface xviiAcknowledgements xixList of Tables xxiList of Illustrations/Images xxiii1 Introduction to Cervids 12 Managing, Handling and Moving Deer 453 Analgesia, euthanasia, restraint and sedation in deer 514 Surgical Interventions and Imaging Methods in Deer 635 Deer in Deer Parks 696 An Overview of Red Deer Farming in the United Kingdom 817 Wild Deer in the UK (Health and Welfare, Deer-Vehicle Collisions and Disease Surveillance) 898 Venison in the United Kingdom 1059 Rehabilitation of Deer 11510 Antlers 12311 Reproduction in Deer 13712 Nutrition of Deer 15113 Notifiable Diseases in Deer – Chronic Wasting Disease 17714 Notifiable Diseases in Deer – Mycobacterium bovis Infection 18315 Serological Methods and Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Deer 19716 Notifiable Diseases in Deer 20517 Malignant Catarrhal Fever in Deer 21118 Gastrointestinal Diseases in Deer – Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis and Johne’s Disease 21919 Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Parasite Diseases in Deer 23520 Gastrointestinal Diseases in Deer 24521 Zoonotic Agents and Deer (Cryptosporidiosis, Salmonellosis, Toxoplasmosis and SARS-CoV-2) 25122 Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli in Deer 26523 Neurological Diseases in Deer 27324 Respiratory Parasite Diseases in Deer 28325 Respiratory Diseases in Deer – Bacterial, Fungal and Viral 29326 Skin Diseases in Deer 30727 Deer Ophthalmology – A Practical Approach to Deer Ophthalmic Examination 32128 Lameness and Hoof Problems in Deer 34529 Vector-borne Infections in Deer – Threat to Deer Health and Role of Deer in Transmission of Diseases of Veterinary and Medical Importance 35930 Muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi) 37131 Reindeer 38532 An Overview of Diseases of Farmed White-tailed Deer 39533 Anatomical Pathology and Deer – A Guide to Postmortem Examination and Pathology 42334 Cervine Formulary 435Index 459

"The cervine drug formulary is particularly excellent in that it not only lists available drugs and doses, but also attempts to tabulate these according to the published evidence for their use in deer species both in the UK and elsewhere. Personally, the formulary alone would be a reason enough for me to buy this book"—Liz Mullineaux, RCVS recognised specialist in wildlife medicine (mammalian) and Senior Vice President, BVA (Vet Record, Jan 2026) "This book will appeal to anyone in the deer sector with an equiring mind, although it is written primarily for veterinary surgeons.... The accompanying photographs of lesions would be very useful for any deer manager."—Alan S. Marshall, British Deer Society (BDS) South West Scotland branch (Deer, Spring 2026)"Chapter 34, Cervine Formulary, provides, for the first time, a comprehensive list, with relevant notes, of drugs that have been or can be used in treatment of deer in many situations. It provides dosage and administration information, and perhaps most importantly, drugs that should not be used under any circumstances ... for veterinarians working with deer, this book is an essential part of their library and a useful resource for deer farmers."—Jerry Haigh, University of Saskatchewan, Canada (Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 62/3, 2026)