Ute Planert is Professor of Modern History at Universität zu Köln. She was a Fellow at the Center for European Studies at Harvard University, Massachusetts and held the Hannah Arendt Visiting Chair of German and European History at the Munk School for Global Affairs, University of Toronto. Recent publications include 'International Conflict, War, and the Making of Modern Germany, 1740–1815', in The Oxford Handbook of Modern German History, edited by Helmut Walser Smith (2011), and the edited volume Napoleon's Empire. European Politics in Global Perspective (2015). James Retallack is Professor of History and German Studies at the University of Toronto, and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. He is the author of Germany's Second Reich: Portraits and Pathways (2015) and Red Saxony: Election Battles and the Spectre of Democracy in Germany, 1860–1918 (forthcoming). His current research project is a biography of the Social Democratic leader August Bebel.

• Introduction: neither war nor postwar: decades of reconstruction Ute Planert; Part I. A World in Upheaval: From the Seven Years' War to the Age of Metternich: 1. Sea power and informal empire: Great Britain and the world after the Seven Years' War Julia Angster; 2. Losing an empire, re-entering the stage: France after the Seven Years' War Sven Externbrink; 3. How long was the Seven Years' War? 1763 in Native American country Ulrike Kirchberger; 4. The reorganization of Europe in 1815 as a 'subject domestic policy' Reinhard Stauber; Part II. Between Reich and State: The Germanies, 1648–1830: 5. The Habsburg Empire 1763 and 1815: reconstruction and repose Charles Ingrao and John Fahey; 6. Eras of postwar reconstruction in Prussian history Christopher Clark; 7. The alchemy of credit: Saxony's rétablissement after 1763 Robert Beachy; 8. Identifying a postwar period: case studies from the Hanseatic cities following the Napoleonic wars Katherine Aaslestad; Part III. Civil and Uncivil Wars: The 1860s and 1870s: 9. US reconstruction, republicanism, and imperial rivalries in the Caribbean after 1865 Christopher Wilkins; 10. After the 'German civil war' of 1866: building the state, embracing the nation James Retallack; 11. The civil war in France, Alsace-Lorraine, and postwar reconstruction in the 1870s Elizabeth Vlossak; Part IV. Central Europe and its Borderlands in the Twentieth Century: 12. German state-building in occupied Poland as an episode in postwar reconstruction, 1915–18 Jesse Kauffman; 13. Violent reconstruction as shatterzones: the German revolution of 1918/19 and the foundation of the Weimar Republic Mark Jones; 14. Reconstruction and representation: state-building and interpretations of war in Germany after 1945 Jörg Echternkamp; Part V. A New International Order after Total War?: 15. The International Red Cross, the League of Nations, and Humanitarian Assistance Regimes, 1918–39 Kimberly Lowe; 16. After civil war: Francoism and the reconstruction of Spain Adrian Shubert; 17. The end of empires and the triumph of the nation state? 1918 and the new international order Jörn Leonhard; Part VI. Prospects: 18. Five postwar orders, 1763–1945 James J. Sheehan.

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