This edition has been updated to incorporate new information from archaeological discoveries, astronomical orientations, and perspectives on the early Spanish chroniclers' accounts. A new chapter on Machu Picchu has been added, and discussion of primary versus secondary sources and chronology is new. Sidebars are also new, as are end-of-chapter questions and activities about the Incas and their relationship to today's society. Videos, CDs, and online sources have been added to the bibliography.