Cyberspace, Cybersecurity, and Cybercrime

Janine Kremling, Ph.D., has been a professor at California State University, San Bernardino, since 2008. She received Ph.D. in criminology from the University of South Florida. Dr. Kremling teaches a wide variety of classes. She has also published five books, including Cyberspace, Cybersecurity, and Cybercrime; Homeland Security; Drugs, Crime, and Justice; and Estimating Drug Use. Dr. Kremling has been studying issues pertaining to policing, especially criminal procedure and how it impacts policing. In addition, she has also extensively studied drug use and abuse and police responses.Amanda Parker is an Assistant Professor of Homeland Security and Coordinator of the Homeland Security program at Campbell University in Buies Creek, North Carolina. She obtained her Ph.D. in Criminology from the University of South Florida. Dr. Parker has been studying cyberthreats and transnational terrorism threats since 2005. She has presented nationally and internationally (England, Spain, Poland, Northern Ireland, and Wales) on many aspects of cybercrime and cybersecurity, including cyberterrorism. She resides in Dunn, North Carolina with her daughter Tatiana (8) and her son Jax (6).

• PrefaceAcknowledgmentsChapter 1 • Cyberspace, the Internet, and the World Wide WebThe Beginning of the Internet and CyberspaceThe Purpose of the InternetVulnerabilities of the InternetWhat Distinguishes Cyberspace, the Internet, and the World Wide Web?SummaryKey TermsDiscussion QuestionsInternet ResourcesFurther ReadingChapter 2 • What Is Cybersecurity?Origins and Nature of CybersecurityDefinitionsDefinition of CybersecurityCybersecurity PoliciesOverview of Cyberspace IntrusionsSecuring Your Wi-Fi in a Wireless WorldSummaryKey TermsDiscussion QuestionsInternet ResourcesFurther ReadingAppendix 2AChapter 3 • Threat Factors—Computers as TargetsThe Evolution of CybercrimeComputers as a TargetViruses, Worms, and Trojan HorsesPreventing Malware IntrusionsSummaryKey TermsDiscussion QuestionsInternet ResourcesFurther ReadingChapter 4 • Threats to Cybersecurity by Criminals and Organized CrimeCybercrimesFraud and Financial CrimesCyberbullyingSummaryKey TermsDiscussion QuestionsInternet ResourcesFurther ReadingChapter 5 • Threats to Cybersecurity by Hacktivists and Nation-StatesThreats to CybersecurityWhat Motivates Hackers?SummaryKey TermsDiscussion QuestionsInternet ResourcesFurther ReadingChapter 6 • National Security: Cyberwarfare and CyberespionageCyberwarfareNation-State Threats by RegionSummaryKey TermsDiscussion QuestionsInternet ResourcesFurther ReadingChapter 7 • CyberterrorismCyberterrorism DefinedThe Role of the MediaEvolution of the ThreatTechnology Use by ExtremistsTargets of CyberterrorismRisk ManagementDamage PotentialSummaryKey TermsDiscussion QuestionsInternet ResourcesFurther ReadingChapter 8 • An Evolving Threat: The Deep WebThe Surface WebThe Deep Web and DarknetsAccessibilityProducts AvailablePayment: CryptocurrencyLaw Enforcement ResponseOperation OnymousAnonymous and “Vigilante Justice”Terrorist Presence on the Deep and Dark WebLegal IssuesSummaryKey TermsDiscussion QuestionsInternet ResourcesCourt CasesChapter 9 • Cybersecurity OperationsTheoretical OperationsLearning TheoryDifferential Association TheorySubculture TheoryDEF CON ConventionLaw Enforcement OperationsTarget HardeningHoneypots, Nets, and TokensSummaryKey TermsDiscussion QuestionsInternet ResourcesFurther ReadingChapter 10 • Cybersecurity Policies and Legal IssuesNational Cybersecurity PoliciesInternational Cybersecurity PoliciesLegal IssuesIssues With Enforcement/JurisdictionSummaryKey TermDiscussion QuestionsInternet ResourcesFurther ReadingChapter 11 • What the Future HoldsData Is the New OilEmerging ThreatsVulnerable TargetsPotential/Emerging PerpetratorsSummaryKey TermsDiscussion QuestionsInternet ResourcesFurther ReadingAppendix: Cybersecurity-Related OrganizationsGlossaryNotesIndexAbout the Authors