Myriam Dunn Cavelty is deputy head of research and teaching at the Center for Security Studies (CSS), ETH Zurich, Switzerland. Andreas Wenger is professor of international and Swiss security policy at ETH Zurich and director of the Center for Security Studies (CSS), Switzerland.

• 1. Introduction: Cyber security between socio-technological uncertainty and political fragmentation Part I: Socio-technical transformations and cyber conflict trends 2. Influence operations and other conflict trends 3. A threat to democracies? An overview of theoretical approaches and empirical measurements for studying the effects of disinformation 4. Cultural violence and fragmentation on social media: Interventions and countermeasures by humans and social bots 5. Artificial intelligence and the offence–defense balance in cyber security 6. Quantum computing and classical politics: The ambiguity of advantage in signals intelligence 7. Cyber space in space: Fragmentation, vulnerability, and uncertainty Part II: Political responses in a complex environment 8. Cyber uncertainties: Observations from cross-national wargames 9. Uncertainty and the study of cyber deterrence: The case of Israel’s limited reliance on cyber deterrence 10. Cyber securities and cyber security politics: Understanding different logics of German cyber security policies 11. Battling the bear: Ukraine’s approach to national cyber and information security 12. Uncertainty, fragmentation, and international obligations as shaping influences: Cyber security policy development in Albania 13. Big tech’s push for norms to tackle uncertainty in cyberspace 14. Disrupting the second oldest profession: The impact of cyber on intelligence 15. Understanding transnational cyber attribution: Moving from ‘whodunit’ to who did it 16. Conclusion: The ambiguity of cyber security politics in the context of multidimentional uncertainty

Myriam Dunn Cavelty is deputy head of research and teaching at the Center for Security Studies (CSS), ETH Zurich, Switzerland. Andreas Wenger is professor of international and Swiss security policy at ETH Zurich and director of the Center for Security Studies (CSS), Switzerland.

• 1. Introduction: Cyber security between socio-technological uncertainty and political fragmentation Part I: Socio-technical transformations and cyber conflict trends 2. Influence operations and other conflict trends 3. A threat to democracies? An overview of theoretical approaches and empirical measurements for studying the effects of disinformation 4. Cultural violence and fragmentation on social media: Interventions and countermeasures by humans and social bots 5. Artificial intelligence and the offence–defense balance in cyber security 6. Quantum computing and classical politics: The ambiguity of advantage in signals intelligence 7. Cyber space in space: Fragmentation, vulnerability, and uncertainty Part II: Political responses in a complex environment 8. Cyber uncertainties: Observations from cross-national wargames 9. Uncertainty and the study of cyber deterrence: The case of Israel’s limited reliance on cyber deterrence 10. Cyber securities and cyber security politics: Understanding different logics of German cyber security policies 11. Battling the bear: Ukraine’s approach to national cyber and information security 12. Uncertainty, fragmentation, and international obligations as shaping influences: Cyber security policy development in Albania 13. Big tech’s push for norms to tackle uncertainty in cyberspace 14. Disrupting the second oldest profession: The impact of cyber on intelligence 15. Understanding transnational cyber attribution: Moving from ‘whodunit’ to who did it 16. Conclusion: The ambiguity of cyber security politics in the context of multidimentional uncertainty

Myriam Dunn Cavelty is deputy head of research and teaching at the Center for Security Studies (CSS), ETH Zurich, Switzerland. Andreas Wenger is professor of international and Swiss security policy at ETH Zurich and director of the Center for Security Studies (CSS), Switzerland.

• 1. Introduction: Cyber security between socio-technological uncertainty and political fragmentation Part I: Socio-technical transformations and cyber conflict trends 2. Influence operations and other conflict trends 3. A threat to democracies? An overview of theoretical approaches and empirical measurements for studying the effects of disinformation 4. Cultural violence and fragmentation on social media: Interventions and countermeasures by humans and social bots 5. Artificial intelligence and the offence–defense balance in cyber security 6. Quantum computing and classical politics: The ambiguity of advantage in signals intelligence 7. Cyber space in space: Fragmentation, vulnerability, and uncertainty Part II: Political responses in a complex environment 8. Cyber uncertainties: Observations from cross-national wargames 9. Uncertainty and the study of cyber deterrence: The case of Israel’s limited reliance on cyber deterrence 10. Cyber securities and cyber security politics: Understanding different logics of German cyber security policies 11. Battling the bear: Ukraine’s approach to national cyber and information security 12. Uncertainty, fragmentation, and international obligations as shaping influences: Cyber security policy development in Albania 13. Big tech’s push for norms to tackle uncertainty in cyberspace 14. Disrupting the second oldest profession: The impact of cyber on intelligence 15. Understanding transnational cyber attribution: Moving from ‘whodunit’ to who did it 16. Conclusion: The ambiguity of cyber security politics in the context of multidimentional uncertainty