Miss Sala Abdalla BSc MBBS FRCS (Gen Surg) Miss Sala Abdalla is a Consultant General and Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeon based in London. She is a graduate of Imperial College, London, and has completed her specialist surgical training at several internationally renowned teaching hospitals across the capital. She is widely recognised for her longstanding commitment to surgical training and mentorship of trainees at all stages of their careers, both within the United Kingdom and internationally. She plays an active role in postgraduate education through her involvement with the London School of Surgery, the Royal College of Surgeons of England, and a range of national and international educational initiatives.Beyond her clinical and educational work, Miss Abdalla is deeply committed to improving equitable access to safe surgical care worldwide. She serves as Managing Director of Operation International UK, a charitable surgical organisation that has worked in close partnership with the Royal College of Surgeons of England to deliver sustainable, life-changing surgical care in underserved and resource-limited settings.Drawing on her clinical experience, educational leadership, and global health work, Miss Abdalla brings a unique and informed perspective to this manual. Her aim is to educate, empower, and inspire the next generation of surgeons, fostering technical excellence, ethical practice, and a lifelong commitment to service.Miss Chien Lin Soh MBBChir MA (Cantab) MRCS Miss Chien Lin Soh is a Core Surgical Trainee in the London deanery with a clinical focus in general and vascular surgery. She graduated with distinction from the University of Cambridge, where she also completed an intercalated degree in Manufacturing Engineering. Her diverse experience spans clinical settings across the United Kingdom, the United States, and Asia, complemented by a strong background in non-clinical fields including management consulting, finance, and translational research. Through her contributions to this manual, Miss Soh aims to offer a valuable early-career perspective for aspiring general surgeons, drawing on both her clinical and interdisciplinary experience.