Edited by Lisa Bernstein, Wilson-Dickinson Professor of Law, University of Chicago, US and Francesco Parisi, Oppenheimer Wolff and Donnelly Professor of Law, University of Minnesota Law School, US and Professor of Economics, University of Bologna, Italy

• Contents:AcknowledgementsIntroductionLisa Bernstein and Francesco ParisiPART I CUSTOMARY LAW: HISTORICAL ILLUSTRATIONS 1. Bruce L. Benson (1989), ‘The Spontaneous Evolution of Commercial Law’2. Emily Kadens (2012), ‘The Myth of the Customary Law Merchant’3. Leon E. Trakman (1983), ‘The Medieval Law Merchant’4. Daniel Klerman (2009), ‘The Emergence of English Commercial Law: Analysis Inspired by the Ottoman Experience’5. Avner Greif, Paul Milgrom and Barry R. Weingast (1994), ‘Coordination, Commitment, and Enforcement: The Case of the Merchant Guild’6. Paul R. Milgrom, Douglass C. North and Barry R. Weingast (1990), ‘The Role of Institutions in the Revival of Trade: The Law Merchant, Private Judges, and the Champagne Fairs’PART II COMMERCIAL CUSTOMARY LAW: CONTEMPORARY ILLUSTRATIONS 7. Janet T. Landa (1981), ‘A Theory of the Ethnically Homogeneous Middleman Group: An Institutional Alternative to Contract Law’8. Lisa Bernstein (1992), ‘Opting out of the Legal System: Extralegal Contractual Relations in the Diamond Industry’9. Lisa Bernstein (1996), ‘Merchant Law in a Merchant Court: Rethinking the Code’s Search for Immanent Business Norms’10. Eric A. Feldman (2006), ‘The Tuna Court: Law and Norms in the World’s Premier Fish Market’11. Robert D. Cooter (1994), ‘Structural Adjudication and the New Law Merchant: A Model of Decentralized Law’12. Lisa Bernstein (2001), ‘The Questionable Empirical Basis of Article 2’s Incorporation Strategy: A Preliminary Study’13. Robert C. Ellickson (1989), ‘A Hypothesis of Wealth-Maximizing Norms: Evidence from the Whaling Industry’PART III INTERNATIONAL CUSTOMARY LAW14. Eric A. Posner and Alan O. Sykes (2013), ‘Customary International Law’15. Jack L. Goldsmith and Eric A. Posner (1999), ‘A Theory of Customary International Law’16. Jack L. Goldsmith and Eric A. Posner (2000), ‘Understanding the Resemblance Between Modern and Traditional Customary International Law’17. Eugene Kontorovich (2006), ‘Inefficient Customs in International Law’18. Vincy Fon and Francesco Parisi (2009), ‘Stability and Change In International Customary Law’19. Curtis A. Bradley and Mitu Gulati (2009), ‘Withdrawing from International Custom’20. Francesco Parisi and Vincy Fon (2009), ‘Customary Law and Articulation Theories’