Cultures in Contact

Dirk Hoerder is Professor of History at the UniversitÄt Bremen in Germany. He has written and edited numerous books. He is coeditor of European Migrants: Global and Local Perspectives; The Settling of North America: The Atlas of the Great Migrations into North America from the Ice Age to the Present; People in Transit: German Migrations in Comparative Perspective, 1820–1930; Roots of the Transplanted; and Distant Magnets: Expectations and Realities in the Immigrant Experience, 1840–1930.

• List of Maps and Figures xiiiAcknowledgments and Dedication xviiContexts: An Introductory Note to Readers xix1. Worlds in Motion, Cultures in Contact 1Part I The Judeo-Christian-Islamic Mediterranean and Eurasian Worlds to the 1500s 232. Antecedents: Migration and Population Changes in the Mediterranean-Asian Worlds 273. Continuities: Mobility and Migration from the Eleventh to the Sixteenth Century 594. The End of Intercivilization Contact and the Economics of Religious Expulsions 925. Ottoman Society, Europe, and the Beginnings of Colonial Contact 108Part II Other Worlds and European Colonialism to the Eighteenth Century 1356. Africa and the Slave Migration Systems 1397. Trade-Posts and Colonies in the World of the Indian Ocean 1638. Latin America: Population Collapse and Resettlement 1879. Fur Empires and Colonies of Agricultural Settlement 21110. Forced Labor Migration in and to the Americas 23411. Migration and Conversion: Worldviews, Material Culture, Racial Hierarchies 257Part III Intercontinental Migration Systems to the Nineteenth Century 27512. Europe: Internal Migrations from the Seventeenth to the Nineteenth Century 27713. The Russo-Siberian Migration System 30614. The Proletarian Mass Migrations in the Atlantic Economies 33115. The Asian Contract Labor System (1830s to 1920s) and Transpacific Migration 36616. Imperial Interest Groups and Subaltern Cultural Assertion 405Part IV Twentieth-Century Changes 44317. Forced Labor and Refugees in the Northern Hemisphere to the 1950s 44518. Between the Old and the New, 1920s to 1950s 48919. New Migration Systems since the 1960s 50820. Intercultural Strategies and Closed Doors in the 1990s 564Notes 583Selected Bibliography 717Sources for Maps and Figures 747Index 755

“We have long known that the world’s peoples have been in constant movement for a very long time. Now we have an encyclopedic overview of who has moved where and why for the last thousand years, based on impressively wide reading. This overview will shake up a lot of preconceptions.”-Immanuel Wallerstein, author of The End of the World as We Know It: Social Science for the Twenty-First Century ”This book is breathtaking in its scope and detail. Hoerder has done world history a great service, speaking to multiculturalism while providing the nuts and bolts of migration history over time and space.”-Nancy Green, author of Ready-To-Wear and Ready-To-Work: A Century of Industry and Immigrants in Paris and New York “A formidable piece of work. It is of particular importance because Hoerder shows in great detail that it is necessary to move from a focus on the Atlantic migration system in order to give due weight to migration flows in Asia, Africa, and the Pacific world. . . . Hoerder’s cast is a fascinating one, with particular attention to peoples, such as Armenians and Jews, that have had high rates of migration, but also with due attention to others that are generally neglected, such as Central Asian peoples.” (National Interest) "Cultures in Contact reflects immense learning deployed over vast swaths of the globe. It breaks out of the Atlantic-centered perspective that has blinkered most European and Euro-American studies of migration, and for the period since 1500 it strives to bring Asian, African, and Pacific migrations into a larger world-system history of migration. . . . Hoerder's study of migration systems . . . does an outstanding job of synthesizing a vast library of scholarship on human migrations while also contributing to the growing body of global historical analysis. Cultures in Contact offers not only a survey of world migrations over the past millennium but also a synopsis of global history viewed from the perspective of migratory processes." - Jerry H. Bentley (Labor) "[A] truly significant book which derives its authority from cross-cultural primary research, as well as secondary reading, on a scale that few previous authors have attempted. . . . [H]e has designed the book to ensure that readers interested in but one aspect of his story will be able to follow it intelligently, and his advancing argument is clarified by a sequence of original maps that will also serve as a vital teaching aid to all students of historical migration." - Nicholas Canny (History Today) "[S]tunning. . . . [A] fine book, a well illustrated tour de force. . . ." - John Connell (Journal of Pacific History) "The book represents an impressive, almost unbelievable, accomplishment. . . . Furthermore, the book is user-friendly. . . . Hoerder's book will become a classic and remain for years a valuable reference for anyone working on any aspect of the history of human migration since 1000 AD." - Raymond L. Cohn (EH.NET) "This book will change the way you think about human mobility. . . . Cultures in Contact is a very large book, even encyclopedic. . . . Pick a place, a time, a people of meaning to you-then plunge in. You will be amazed at what you learn about how you came to be where you are." - Rick Eden (Key Reporter) "This extraordinary book, written on Braudelian scale, is the most complex and comprehensive history of human migration yet. . . .[A] masterwork. . . . This volume should stand for a long time as the authoritative synthesis of the vast array of human migrations, bitter or sweet, that have happened over the last ten centuries." - Walter Nugent (Pacific Historical Review) "This is a book of enormous scope, ambition, and achievement. . . . Hoerder's work is a major synthesis and intervention in the field, and he is to be congratulated for his notable accomplishment." - Robin Cohen (Journal of American Ethnic History) "Through a remarkable collection of closely described cases, he elucidates both the structural similarities and the cultural distinctiveness of migrations in Medieval Europe, the Ottoman Empire, trading posts, fur empires, forced migration, proletarian and contract-labor migration, and the current "un-mixing" of peoples into nation-states. Hoerder's more than 50 maps . . . convey original and thought-provoking demonstrations of interactions among migration systems." - Patrick Manning (Population and Development Review) "[A] massive and definitive study on migration in the second millennium. . . . Highly recommended. All academic libraries. . . ." - P. G. Wallace (Choice)