Crusade and Christendom

Jessalynn Bird is an independent scholar. Edward Peters is Henry Charles Lea Professor Emeritus of History at the University of Pennsylvania. His many books include The First Crusade and Torture, which are also available from the University of Pennsylvania Press. James M. Powell was Professor of Medieval History at Syracuse University and author of the prize-winning Anatomy of a Crusade, 1213-1221 and Albertanus of Brescia: The Pursuit of Happiness in the Early Thirteenth Century, also available from the University of Pennsylvania Press.

• Editors' NoteMaps1. The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem in the Thirteenth Century2. Areas of the Albigensian Crusade in Southern France3. The Fourth Crusade's Route to Constantinople4. The Damietta Region of Egypt5. Progress of the Reconquista in Iberia6. The Mediterranean RegionNote on Abbreviations and TranslationIntroduction: Crusade and Christendom, 1187-12911. Gregory VIII, Audita tremendi, 1187PART I. THE POPE, CRUSADES, AND COMMUNITIES, 1198-12132. Innocent III, Post miserabile, 11983. Innocent III, Multe nobis attulit, 11994. The Lambrecht Rite for Taking the Cross, ca. 12005. Innocent III's Response to the Questions of Hubert Walter, 1200-12016. Facets of the Fourth Crusade, 1202-12047. The Albigensian Crusade, 1209-12298. Roman Intercessory Processions, 12129. The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, 121210. The Children's Crusade, 1212-1213PART II. CRUSADE AND COUNCIL, 1213-121511. Innocent III, Quia maior, 121312. Innocent III, Pium et sanctum, 121313. An Anonymous Crusade-Recruiting Sermon, ca. 1213-121714. Innocent III's Response to the Questions of Conrad of Speyer, Quod iuxta verbum, 121315. Roger Wendover on the Fourth Lateran Council, 121516. The Fourth Lateran Council, Canon 71, Ad liberandam, 1215PART III. THE FIFTH CRUSADE, 1213-122117. Roger Wendover on Signs and Portents, 121718. Letters of Gervase of Prémontré, 1216-121719. James of Vitry's Sermon to Pilgrims, 1229-124020. The Rhineland Crusaders, 122021. Oliver of Paderborn, The Capture of Damietta, ca. 1217-122222. Roger Wendover, Three Letters from the East, 1221-122223. Two Recruiters in Marseilles, 122424. Ibn Wasil on the Frankish Surrender, ca. 1282PART IV. THE EMPEROR'S CRUSADE, 1227-122925. Roger Wendover on the Crusade of Frederick II, ca. 123026. Philip of Novara on the Crusade of Frederick II, ca. 123027. Frederick II, Letter to Henry III of England, 122928. Ibn Wasil (ca. 1282) and Ibn al-Jauzi (ca. 1250) on the Loss of Jerusalem29. The Letter of Gerold on Antichrist, ca. 1230PART V. THE BARONS' CRUSADE, 1234-124530. Gregory IX, Rachel suum videns, 123431. Gregory IX to the Mendicant Orders, Pium et sanctum,123432. Matthew Paris on Mendicant Preaching, 1234-123633. Lyrics of Thibaut IV of Champagne, ca. 1234-123934. Gregory IX to Frederick II, Considerantes olim, 123835. Matthew Paris: Richard of Cornwall on Crusade, 124536. Matthew Paris on Crusade Financing, 124137. Matthew Paris: The Sack of Jerusalem, 124438. The First Council of Lyons, 1245PART VI. THE MONGOL CRUSADES, 1241-126239. Henry of Saxony to the Duke of Brabant, 124140. Frederick II to the Christian Princes, 124141. Gregory IX to King Bela of Hungary, Vocem in excelso, 124142. Gregory IX to the Abbot of Heiligenkreuz, Vocem in excelso, 124143. Continuatio Sancrucensis, 1234-126644. A Thirteenth-Century English Liturgical Response to the Mongol Threat45. Matthew Paris on Archbishop Peter and the Mongol Threat, 124446. The First Council of Lyons, 124547. The Master of the Temple to the Preceptor of Templar Houses in England, 126148. Alexander IV on the Tartar Threat, Clamat in auribus, 126149. Letter from Hülagü, Il-Khan of Persia, to Louis IX, 1262PART VII. THE SAINT'S CRUSADES, 1248-127050. Jean de Joinville's Preparations for Departure on Crusade, 124851. John Sarrasin's Letter on the Capture of Damietta, 124952. Ibn Wasil (ca. 1282) and al-Makrisi (ca. 1440) on Louis's Defeat53. Louis's Letter to the People of France, 125054. The Pastoureaux, 125155. The Register of Eudes Rigaud, 1260-126956. Rutebeuf, "Lament of the Holy Land," ca. 1266PART VIII. THE ITALIAN CRUSADES, 1241-126857. Gregory IX to John of Civitella, Cum tibi duxerimus, 124158. Matthew Paris on Staufer Italy, 1245-126959. Urban IV to Louis IX on Manfred, Ecce fili carissime, 126460. Salimbene of Parma on Staufer Italy, ca. 128561. The Chronicle of Pedro III of Aragon (r. 1283-1288PART IX. LIVING AND DYING ON CRUSADE62. Ticket-Scalping on a Crusade Ship, 124863. Contract of Crusade Service, 127064. Lawsuit for Breach of Contract, 125065. Traveling in Style and at Risk, 1216-121766. The Last Will and Testament of Barzella Merxadrus, 121967. The Codicil of Count Henry of Rodez, 122268. The Archbishop of York on Ignoble Pilgrims, 1275PART X. THE ROAD TO ACRE, 1265-129169. Gilbert of Tournai on Reform and Crusade, ca. 1272-127470. Humbert of Romans, Opusculum tripartitum, ca. 1272-127471. Gregory X and the Second Council of Lyons, 127472. The Templar of Tyre on the Fall of Acre, 129173. Abu l-Fida' and Abu l-Mahasin on the Fall of Acre, 1291IndexAcknowledgments

"Dedicated to Powell's memory, this book is more than a fitting memorial, it is a masterpiece. . . . A monumental resource that will deservedly be consulted for decades to come."-Council for European Studies"This is more than just a new sourcebook. It provides thorough and thoughtful introductions to sources and their contexts, useful bibliographical notes for each topic, an implicit argument about the nature of the Crusades, and as comprehensive a collection of sources on the thirteenth-century Crusades as exists on the market."-The Medieval Review"The translations are crisp, and a scholarly introduction and up-to-date bibliographical apparatus accompany every entry. In a subject where research interests are rapidly expanding, this stands to be of enormous value."-Journal of Military History"Far more than a sourcebook, this is an authoritative guide to the crusading movement in the crucial years between the Third Crusade and the fall of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Through its copious and clear translations, this book brings to students the voices of those who experienced the crusades and their effects. Scholars will also benefit from the expert historiographical and topical discussions as well as up-to-date bibliographies. It is a real trove of information for anyone interested in the thirteenth century."-Thomas Madden, St. Louis University"Crusade and Christendom is a revelation, a source collection that will revolutionize the teaching of the crusades. It accomplishes the seemingly impossible task of capturing the richness and complexity of the crusade movement as it was reinvented by Pope Innocent III and further developed by his successors in the thirteenth century. Many of the documents included here are translated in this volume for the first time, and together they cast light on an astonishing variety of phenomena. From the wars against heresy in southern France to negotiations with Mongol armies on the frontiers of Asia, from highly technical papal bulls to gripping battle narratives, from the ecstatic dreams of the Children's Crusade to the mundane details of buying a ticket to the Holy Land, Crusade and Christendom opens up the legal, military, and imaginative worlds not just of the crusaders but of medieval Europe and the Middle East more broadly. An essential classroom companion."-Jay Rubenstein, University of Tennessee