Brian C. Black, distinguished professor of history and environmental studies and division head of arts and humanities at Penn State Altoona, is the author or editor of several books, including the award-winning Petrolia: The Landscape of America’s First Oil Boom and Gettysburg Contested: 150 Years of Preserving America’s Cherished Landscape. His articles appear in the New York Times, the Conversation, USA Today, Junior Scholastic, and the Christian Science Monitor.

• AcknowledgmentsPrologue Introduction: Beginning as Black Goo PART I: CULTURAL EXCHANGE, 1750–1890Infrastructure: Drilling for Saltwater 1 From Black Goo to Black Gold 2 Crossing Borders to Increase Supply 3 Modeling Big Oil Infrastructure: Shipping Crude throughout the Globe PART II: GOING MOBILE, 1890–1960Infrastructure: Pumping Gas 4 Hitting the Road 5 Marching for Petroleum: Supply and Weapons Infrastructure: “Want Fries with That?” PART III: THE GLOBALIZATION OF PETROLEUM DOMINANCE, 1960–PRESENTInfrastructure: Big Science Helps Big Oil 6 Consuming Cultures 7 To Have and Have Not Infrastructure: NYMEX and the Commodity of CrudePART IV: LIVING WITH LIMITS AND ENERGY TRANSITIONS, 1980–PRESENTInfrastructure: Climate Change Reveals a New World Order 8 “Extreme Oil,” Climate Change, and Geopolitics Portrait of Addiction: U.S. Petroleum Use Epilogue: Resource Curse: Time for an Oil Change? Chronology of Petroleum in World History Chronology of Spills Notes Bibliography Index

Over the past 150 years, oil has become a ubiquitous part of modern life. Placing a strong emphasis on oil’s environmental impact, Brian Black explores the many ways oil production and consumption have shaped world history. Wide-ranging and engagingly written, Crude Reality is an indispensable starting point for understanding how the world got to be the way it is today and the forces that are shaping its ongoing evolution.