Crisis Communication

W. Timothy Coombs (PhD Purdue University in Public Affairs and Issues Management) is the George T and Glady H Abell Professor in Liberal Arts in Department of Communication at Texas A&M University.  His primary areas of research are crisis communication and CSR including the award-winning book Ongoing Crisis Communication. He is the current editor for Corporation Communication:  An International Journal.  His research has appeared in Management Communication Quarterly, Public Relations Review, Corporate Reputation Review, Journal of Public Relations Research, Journal of Communication Management, Business Horizons, and the Journal of Business Communication.

• VOLUME ONE: ORIGINS OF CRISIS COMMUNICATIONRHETORICAL ORIGINS OF CRISIS COMMUNICATION Overview to Crisis Communication Crisis Communication - W. Timothy Coombs A Developing Field Crisis Communication - William Crandall, John Parnell and John Spillan Crisis Communication - W. Timothy Coombs CORPORATION APOLOGIA CBS versus Mobil Oil - G. Dionisopolous and S. Vibbert Charges of Creative Book-Keeping in 1979Apologies and Public Relations Crises at Chrysler, Toshiba and Volvo - Keith Hearit Corporate Apologia - Keith Hearit When an Organization Speaks in Defense of ItselfCorporate Publics and Rhetorical Strategies - Richard Ice The Case of Union Carbide′s Bhopal CrisisTreachery by Any Other Name - Jeffrey Hobbs A Case Study of the Toshiba Public Relations CrisisIMAGE RESTORATIONImage Restoration Theory - William Benoit A Theory of Image Restoration - William Benoit A Critical Analysis of USAir′s Image Repair Discourse - William Benoit and Anne Czerwinski IMPRESSION MANAGEMENTLegitimation Endeavors - Maria Watkins Allen and Rachel Caillouet Impression Management Strategies Used by an Organization in CrisisManaging Organizational Legitimacy - Joseph Massey Communication Strategies for Organizations in CrisisFOCUSING EVENTValuJet fFight 592 - D. Fishman Crisis Communication Theory Blended and ExtendedWIDER VIEW OF STRATEGYCommunicating through Crisis - David Sturges A Strategy for Organizational SurvivalCrisis Communication Strategies in the Media Coverage of Chemical Accidents - J. Sherry Holladay Crisis Situations, Communication Strategies and Media Coverage - Yi-Hui Huang A Multicase Study Revisiting the Communicative Response Model Communications Strategies in Crisis - Patrick Lagadec Communicating in a Crisis - Valerie Noel Choosing the Right Vehicle Communicating with Stakeholders during a Crisis - Keri Stephens, Patty Callish Malone and Christine Bailey Evaluating Message StrategiesMARKETING TIES TO CRISIS COMMUNICATIONConsumer Reaction to Negative Publicity - Dwane DeanEffects of Corporate Reputation, Response and Responsibility for a Crisis EventFurther Information on Consumer Perceptions of Product Recalls - John Mowen Corporate Social Responsibility and Consumers′ Attributions and Brand Evaluations in a Product-Harm Crisis - Jill Klein and Niraj Dawar VOLUME TWO: THEORY DEVELOPMENT IN CRISIS COMMUNICATIONCONTINGENCY THEORYMaking Sense in Crisis Communication - Yan Jin How publics′ Crisis Appraisals Influence Their Negative Emotions, Coping Strategy Preferences and Crisis Response AcceptanceEmotions Matter in Crisis - Hyo Kim and Glen Cameron The Role of Anger and Sadness in the Public′s Response to Crisis News Framing and Corporate Crisis ResponseThe Effects of Threat Type and Duration on Public Relations Practitioner′s Cognitive, Affective and Conative Responses to Crisis Situations - Yan Jin and Glen Cameron Integrated Crisis Mapping - Yan Jin , Augustine Pang and Glen Cameron Towards a Publics-Based, Emotion-Driven Conceptualization in Crisis CommunicationSITUATIONAL CRISIS COMMUNICATION THEORYChoosing the Right Words - W. Timothy Coombs The Development of Guidelines for the Selection of the ′Appropriate′ Crisis Response StrategiesRestoring Reputations in Times of Crisis - An-Sofie Claeys, Veolien Cauberghe and Patrick Vyncke An Experimental Study of the Situational Crisis Communication Theory and the Moderating Effects of Locus of ControlHelping Crisis Managers Protect Reputational Assets - W. Timothy Coombs and J. Sherry Holladay Initial Tests of the Situational Crisis Communication TheoryThe Negative Communication Dynamic - W. Timothy Coombs and J. Sherry Holladay Exploring the Impact of Stakeholder Affect on Behavioral IntentionsAn Empirical Analysis of Image Restoration - Timothy Coombs and Lainen Schmidt Texaco′s Racism CrisisStakeholder Attributions in Crises - Andreas Schwarz The Effects of Co-Variation Information and Attributional Inferences on Organizational ReputationMessage Strategies and Forgiveness during Crises - Bitt Beach Moon and Yunna Rheem Effects of Causal Attributions and Apology Appeal Types on ForgivenessSituational Crisis Communication Theory - W. Timothy Coombs RHETORICAL ARENAApologizing in a Globalizing World: Crisis Communication and Apologetic Ethics - Finn Frandsen and Winni Johansen DISCOURSE OF RENEWALEffective Crisis Management through Established Stakeholder Relationships - Robert Ulmer Malden Mills as a Case StudyExpanding the Parameters of Crisis Communication - Matthew Seeger, Timothy Sellnow and Robert Ulmer From Chaos to RenewalCOMPLEXITYSymmetry, Contingency, Complexity - Priscilla Murphy Accommodating Uncertainty in Public Relations TheoryPRACTITIONER FOCUSHow Do the News Media Frame Crisis? A Content Analysis of Crisis News Coverage - Seon-Kyoung An and Karla Gower Stormy Weather - Laura Arpan and Donnalyn Pompper Testing ′Stealing Thunder′ as a Crisis Communication Strategy to Improve Communication Flow between Organizations and JournalistsCrisis Response and Crisis Timing Strategies - An-Sofie Claeys and Verolien Cauberghe Two Sides of the Same CoinCrisis Planning and Preparation in the Unites States Tourism Industry - Lori Pennington-Gray et al The Role of Human Resource Development Competencies in Facilitating Effective Crisis Communication - Anne Reilly Public Relations and Crisis Communication - Matthew Seeger, Timothy Sellnow and Robert Ulmer Organizing and ChaosVOLUME THREE: CRISIS COMMUNICATION CONNECTS WITH OTHER STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION FIELDS ISSUES MANAGEMENTAn Integrated Symmetrical Model for Crisis Communications Management - Alfonso González-Herrero and Cornelius Pratt Issue Management as a Post-Crisis Discipline - Tony Jaques Identifying and Responding to Issue Impacts beyond the CrisisIssue Management and Crisis Management - Tony Jaques An Integrated, Non-Linear, Relational ConstructIssues Management and Crisis Communication - Robert Heath Preparing for the Worst Anticipatory Model of Crisis Management - Bolanle Olaniran and David Williams RISK COMMUNICATIONAnticipating or Precipitating Crisis? Health Agencies May Not Be Heeding Best Practice Advice in Avian Flu Press Releases - Elizabeth Johnson Avery and Sora Kim Effective Communication during an Influenza Pandemic - Barbara Reynolds and Sandra Crouse Quinn The Value of Using a Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication FrameworkCrisis and Emergency Risk Communication in a Pandemic - Sandra Crouse Quinn A Model for Building Capacity and Resilience of Minority CommunitiesToward a Synthesis Model of Crisis Communication in the Public Sector - J. Suzanne Horsley and Randolph Barker An Initial InvestigationCrisis and Risk Approaches to Emergency Management Planning and Communication - Robert Heath, Jaesub Lee and Lan Ni The Role of Similarity and SensitivityStrategic Risk Communication - Michael Palenchar and Robert Heath Adding Value to SocietyREPUTATION MANAGEMENT AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITYAgenda-Setting Effects of Business News on the Public′s Image and Opinions about Major Corporations - Craig Carroll and Maxwell McCombs Protecting Organization Reputations during a Crisis - W. Timothy Coombs The Development and Application of Situational Crisis Communication TheorySustainability - W. Timothy Coombs A New and Complex ′Challenge′ for Crisis ManagersUnpacking the Halo Effect - W. Timothy Coombs and J. Sherry Holladay Reputation and Crisis ManagementMedia Reputation as a Strategic Resource - David Deephouse An Integration of Mass Communication and Resource-Based TheoriesEffects of Apologies and Crisis Responsibility on Corporate and Spokesperson Reputation - Joost Verhoeven et alCRISIS LEADERSHIPLinking Crisis Management and Leadership Competencies - Lynn Perry Wooten and Erika Hayes James The Role of Human Resource Development VOLUME FOUR: CRISIS COMMUNICATION EVOLVES: DIGITAL CHANNELS, GLOBALIZATION AND CRITIQUESDIGITAL CHANNELSWebsitesInternet-Based Communication in Crisis Management - Danielle Perry, Maureen Taylor and Marya Doerfel The Diffusion of Traditional and New Media Tactics in Crisis Communication - Maureen Taylor and Danielle Perry SOCIAL MEDIAIntention to Comply with Crisis Communicated via Social Media - Karen Freberg Is the Medium the Message? Perceptions of and Reactions to Crisis Communication via Twitter, Blogs and Traditional Media - Friederike Schultz, Sonja Utz and Anja Goritz How Public Use Social Media to Respond to Blame Games in Crisis Communication - Andreas Schwarz The Love Parade Tragedy in Duisburg, 2010Effects of Narratives, Openness to Dialogic Communication and Credibility on Engagement in Crisis Communication through Organizational Blogs - Sung-Un Yang, Minjeong Kang and Philip Johnson Crisis in a Networked World - Leysia Palen et alFeatures of Computer-Mediated Communication in the April 16, 2007, Virginia Tech EventExamining the Role of Social Media in Effective Crisis Management - Yan Jin, Brooke Fisher Liu and Lucinda Austin The Effects of Crisis Origin, Information Form and Source of Publics′ Crisis ResponsePARACRISISThe Paracrisis - W. Timothy Coombs and J. Sherry Holladay The Challenges Created by Publicly Managing Crisis PreventionParacrisis - W. Timothy Coombs GLOBALIZATION AND CRISIS COMMUNICATIONWhen in Rome? The Effects of Spokesperson Ethnicity on Audience Evaluation of Crisis Communication - Laura Arpan Six Years and Counting - Falguni Sen and William Egelhoff Leaning from Crisis Management at BhopalCrisis Communication as a Multilevel Game - Kristina Lindholm and Eva-Karin Olsson The Muhammad Cartoons from a Crisis Diplomacy Perspective After the Tsunami - Nigel Jackson Crisis Communication in Finland and SwedenCrisis Communicative Strategies in Taiwan - Yi-Hui Huang, Ying-Hsuan Lin and Shih-Hsin Su Category, Continuum and Cultural ImplicationAudience-Oriented Approach to Crisis Communication - Betty Kaman Lee A Study of Hong Kong Consumers′ Evaluations of an Organizational CrisisFlying Different Skies - M. Pinsdorff How Cultures Respond to Airline Disaster CRITICAL VIEWS OF CRISIS COMMUNICATIONLiability Means Never Being Able to Say You′re Sorry - Lisa Tyler Corporate Guilt, Legal Constraints and Defensiveness in Corporate CommunicationWhat Is a Public Relations ′Crisis′? Refocusing Crisis Research - M. Kent