Janne Kivivuori is Professor of Criminology at the University of Helsinki, and Adjunct Professor of the History of Criminology at the University of Oulu. His research has focused on homicide, youth crime, crime measurement instruments, and historical criminology. His historical work ranges from history of criminology to history of violence, with books such as Discovery of Hidden Crime (2011) and Nordic Homicide in Deep Time (2022). He has contributed extensively to the creation and development of Finnish and international crime indicators, serving currently in the steering committees of the International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD) and the European Homicide Monitor (EHM).

• 1: Introduction 2: Thinking about crime before criminology 3: Civilization debate 4: Breakthrough to data 1825-1827 5: First criminology 6: Anchoring criminal justice to facts 7: French civilization and German Kultur 8: Insight from critique: the Genevans 9: From piecemeal reform to incremental research 10: The origins of criminology

Janne Kivivuori is Professor of Criminology at the University of Helsinki, and Adjunct Professor of the History of Criminology at the University of Oulu. His research has focused on homicide, youth crime, crime measurement instruments, and historical criminology. His historical work ranges from history of criminology to history of violence, with books such as Discovery of Hidden Crime (2011) and Nordic Homicide in Deep Time (2022). He has contributed extensively to the creation and development of Finnish and international crime indicators, serving currently in the steering committees of the International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD) and the European Homicide Monitor (EHM).

• 1: Introduction 2: Thinking about crime before criminology 3: Civilization debate 4: Breakthrough to data 1825-1827 5: First criminology 6: Anchoring criminal justice to facts 7: French civilization and German Kultur 8: Insight from critique: the Genevans 9: From piecemeal reform to incremental research 10: The origins of criminology

Janne Kivivuori is Professor of Criminology at the University of Helsinki, and Adjunct Professor of the History of Criminology at the University of Oulu. His research has focused on homicide, youth crime, crime measurement instruments, and historical criminology. His historical work ranges from history of criminology to history of violence, with books such as Discovery of Hidden Crime (2011) and Nordic Homicide in Deep Time (2022). He has contributed extensively to the creation and development of Finnish and international crime indicators, serving currently in the steering committees of the International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD) and the European Homicide Monitor (EHM).

• 1: Introduction 2: Thinking about crime before criminology 3: Civilization debate 4: Breakthrough to data 1825-1827 5: First criminology 6: Anchoring criminal justice to facts 7: French civilization and German Kultur 8: Insight from critique: the Genevans 9: From piecemeal reform to incremental research 10: The origins of criminology