Mark McGovern is Professor in Sociology at Edge Hill University, UK. In his research he has worked closely with NGOs, victms' groups and lawyers over many years on issues of conflict transformation and state violence, particularly in Northern Ireland. His publications include Ardoyne: The Untold Truth and articles for Race and Class, Sociology, State Crime and Critical Studies on Terrorism.

• AcknowledgementsList of Abbreviations Introduction: What is Collusion? Collusion and Mid-Ulster What is Collusion? Loyalism, Counterinsurgency and Collusion 1. British Counterinsurgency and the Roots of Collusion Collusion and British Counterinsurgency What is Counterinsurgency? Small Wars and Imperial Policing The Rule of Law and ‘Counter-Gangs’ 2. Northern Ireland and the Roots of Collusion McGurk’s Bar and the MRF Revolution, ‘Reprisal’ and Partition Policing the State Collusion, Bombings and Sectarian Killings Eliminating Enemies 3. An Intelligence War Phases of Counterinsurgency Counterinsurgency, Informers and Policing Handling Informers, Changing the Rules Intelligence ‘Leaks’ The FRU and Brian Nelson Agents, Informers and a Void of Law Informers, Collusion and Deniability Covering Up Collusion The Liberal Ideology of Collusion 4. Arming Loyalism Providing Weapons Arms, Ulster Resistance and the Mid-Ulster UVF Seizures, Police ‘Failures’ and Loyalism Rearmed 5. Shooting to Kill: Targeting Republican Combatants War and Mid-Ulster ‘Set-Piece’ Operations and Shooting to Kill ‘Set-Piece’ Shoot-to-Kill and Mid-Ulster Collusion and the Case of Gerard Casey Shootings at the Battery Bar Killings in Cappagh 6. Stopping Sinn Fein: Collusion as Political Force Targeting Sinn Fein Endgame Politics Local, Personal and Political Targeting John Davey The Killing of Bernard O’Hagan The Shootings of Tommy Casey and Sean Anderson The Killing of Patrick Shanaghan The Killings of Tommy Donaghy and Malachy Carey The Shooting of Danny Cassidy Collusion and the Case of Eddie Fullerton 7. Instilling Fear: Targeting Republican Families and Communities ‘See No Evil’ and ‘Breakfast Table’ Collusion Wars of Attrition The Shooting of Phelim McNally The Killing of Frank Hughes Killings in the Moy The Killing of Charlie and Teresa Fox The Castlerock Massacre The Killing of Roseann Mallon Conclusion: Collusion, Truth and Justice Dealing With the Past Investigating Collusion Postscript: What Proves Collusion? Notes Further Reading Index

'If this is a harrowing book to read, one can only imagine how difficult it was to write. On each page, our respect for the author, and the families battling on against all the odds, intensifies'

Mark McGovern is Professor in Sociology at Edge Hill University, UK. In his research he has worked closely with NGOs, victms' groups and lawyers over many years on issues of conflict transformation and state violence, particularly in Northern Ireland. His publications include Ardoyne: The Untold Truth and articles for Race and Class, Sociology, State Crime and Critical Studies on Terrorism.

• AcknowledgementsList of Abbreviations Introduction: What is Collusion? Collusion and Mid-Ulster What is Collusion? Loyalism, Counterinsurgency and Collusion 1. British Counterinsurgency and the Roots of Collusion Collusion and British Counterinsurgency What is Counterinsurgency? Small Wars and Imperial Policing The Rule of Law and ‘Counter-Gangs’ 2. Northern Ireland and the Roots of Collusion McGurk’s Bar and the MRF Revolution, ‘Reprisal’ and Partition Policing the State Collusion, Bombings and Sectarian Killings Eliminating Enemies 3. An Intelligence War Phases of Counterinsurgency Counterinsurgency, Informers and Policing Handling Informers, Changing the Rules Intelligence ‘Leaks’ The FRU and Brian Nelson Agents, Informers and a Void of Law Informers, Collusion and Deniability Covering Up Collusion The Liberal Ideology of Collusion 4. Arming Loyalism Providing Weapons Arms, Ulster Resistance and the Mid-Ulster UVF Seizures, Police ‘Failures’ and Loyalism Rearmed 5. Shooting to Kill: Targeting Republican Combatants War and Mid-Ulster ‘Set-Piece’ Operations and Shooting to Kill ‘Set-Piece’ Shoot-to-Kill and Mid-Ulster Collusion and the Case of Gerard Casey Shootings at the Battery Bar Killings in Cappagh 6. Stopping Sinn Fein: Collusion as Political Force Targeting Sinn Fein Endgame Politics Local, Personal and Political Targeting John Davey The Killing of Bernard O’Hagan The Shootings of Tommy Casey and Sean Anderson The Killing of Patrick Shanaghan The Killings of Tommy Donaghy and Malachy Carey The Shooting of Danny Cassidy Collusion and the Case of Eddie Fullerton 7. Instilling Fear: Targeting Republican Families and Communities ‘See No Evil’ and ‘Breakfast Table’ Collusion Wars of Attrition The Shooting of Phelim McNally The Killing of Frank Hughes Killings in the Moy The Killing of Charlie and Teresa Fox The Castlerock Massacre The Killing of Roseann Mallon Conclusion: Collusion, Truth and Justice Dealing With the Past Investigating Collusion Postscript: What Proves Collusion? Notes Further Reading Index

'If this is a harrowing book to read, one can only imagine how difficult it was to write. On each page, our respect for the author, and the families battling on against all the odds, intensifies'

Mark McGovern is Professor in Sociology at Edge Hill University, UK. In his research he has worked closely with NGOs, victms' groups and lawyers over many years on issues of conflict transformation and state violence, particularly in Northern Ireland. His publications include Ardoyne: The Untold Truth and articles for Race and Class, Sociology, State Crime and Critical Studies on Terrorism.

• AcknowledgementsList of Abbreviations Introduction: What is Collusion? Collusion and Mid-Ulster What is Collusion? Loyalism, Counterinsurgency and Collusion 1. British Counterinsurgency and the Roots of Collusion Collusion and British Counterinsurgency What is Counterinsurgency? Small Wars and Imperial Policing The Rule of Law and ‘Counter-Gangs’ 2. Northern Ireland and the Roots of Collusion McGurk’s Bar and the MRF Revolution, ‘Reprisal’ and Partition Policing the State Collusion, Bombings and Sectarian Killings Eliminating Enemies 3. An Intelligence War Phases of Counterinsurgency Counterinsurgency, Informers and Policing Handling Informers, Changing the Rules Intelligence ‘Leaks’ The FRU and Brian Nelson Agents, Informers and a Void of Law Informers, Collusion and Deniability Covering Up Collusion The Liberal Ideology of Collusion 4. Arming Loyalism Providing Weapons Arms, Ulster Resistance and the Mid-Ulster UVF Seizures, Police ‘Failures’ and Loyalism Rearmed 5. Shooting to Kill: Targeting Republican Combatants War and Mid-Ulster ‘Set-Piece’ Operations and Shooting to Kill ‘Set-Piece’ Shoot-to-Kill and Mid-Ulster Collusion and the Case of Gerard Casey Shootings at the Battery Bar Killings in Cappagh 6. Stopping Sinn Fein: Collusion as Political Force Targeting Sinn Fein Endgame Politics Local, Personal and Political Targeting John Davey The Killing of Bernard O’Hagan The Shootings of Tommy Casey and Sean Anderson The Killing of Patrick Shanaghan The Killings of Tommy Donaghy and Malachy Carey The Shooting of Danny Cassidy Collusion and the Case of Eddie Fullerton 7. Instilling Fear: Targeting Republican Families and Communities ‘See No Evil’ and ‘Breakfast Table’ Collusion Wars of Attrition The Shooting of Phelim McNally The Killing of Frank Hughes Killings in the Moy The Killing of Charlie and Teresa Fox The Castlerock Massacre The Killing of Roseann Mallon Conclusion: Collusion, Truth and Justice Dealing With the Past Investigating Collusion Postscript: What Proves Collusion? Notes Further Reading Index

'If this is a harrowing book to read, one can only imagine how difficult it was to write. On each page, our respect for the author, and the families battling on against all the odds, intensifies'