Martha Crenshaw is a senior fellow at the Center for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC) and the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, as well as professor of political science, by courtesy, at Stanford University. She is also professor of government emerita at Wesleyan University and a lead investigator with the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and the Responses to Terrorism (START) at the University of Maryland.Gary LaFree is professor of criminology and criminal justice and director of the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) at the University of Maryland. He is a past president of the American Society of Criminology, a member of the Attorney General’s Science Advisory Board, and a member of the National Academy of Sciences Committee on Law and Justice.

• Contents:Preface1. Introduction: The Context for Analyzing Counterterrorism Difficulties&#151Current Threats and the State of Academic Research2. Overresponding to Rare Events: The Problem of Uncommon Threats with Irreversible Consequences3. The Tip of the Iceberg: Accounting for Failed and Foiled Terrorist Plots4. Pinning Down an Elusive Adversary: What Is a Terrorist Organization?5. Who Did It? The Attribution Dilemma6. Counterterrorism Results: Can Effectiveness be Evaluated?7. Moving ForwardNotesIndex

“A substantial contribution to the literature on terrorism and counterterrorism.” —Paul Pillar, Nonresident Senior Fellow, Center for Security Studies, Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Services, Georgetown University“A corrective to oversimplified analysis. The scholarship is sound and the book is a welcome offering from two scholars whose knowledge and credentials are superlative.” —Audrey Kurth Cronin, Professor of International Relations, American University, and author of How Terrorism Ends: Understanding the Decline and Demise of Terrorist Campaigns“This is an important academic and public policy analysis of the role of the "conceptual and empirical requirements of defining, classifying, explaining, and responding to terrorist attacks" in "crafting effective counterterrorism policy.” —Dr, Joshua Sinai, Perspectives on Terrorism

Martha Crenshaw is a senior fellow at the Center for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC) and the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, as well as professor of political science, by courtesy, at Stanford University. She is also professor of government emerita at Wesleyan University and a lead investigator with the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and the Responses to Terrorism (START) at the University of Maryland.Gary LaFree is professor of criminology and criminal justice and director of the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) at the University of Maryland. He is a past president of the American Society of Criminology, a member of the Attorney General’s Science Advisory Board, and a member of the National Academy of Sciences Committee on Law and Justice.

• Contents:Preface1. Introduction: The Context for Analyzing Counterterrorism Difficulties&#151Current Threats and the State of Academic Research2. Overresponding to Rare Events: The Problem of Uncommon Threats with Irreversible Consequences3. The Tip of the Iceberg: Accounting for Failed and Foiled Terrorist Plots4. Pinning Down an Elusive Adversary: What Is a Terrorist Organization?5. Who Did It? The Attribution Dilemma6. Counterterrorism Results: Can Effectiveness be Evaluated?7. Moving ForwardNotesIndex

“A substantial contribution to the literature on terrorism and counterterrorism.” —Paul Pillar, Nonresident Senior Fellow, Center for Security Studies, Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Services, Georgetown University“A corrective to oversimplified analysis. The scholarship is sound and the book is a welcome offering from two scholars whose knowledge and credentials are superlative.” —Audrey Kurth Cronin, Professor of International Relations, American University, and author of How Terrorism Ends: Understanding the Decline and Demise of Terrorist Campaigns“This is an important academic and public policy analysis of the role of the "conceptual and empirical requirements of defining, classifying, explaining, and responding to terrorist attacks" in "crafting effective counterterrorism policy.” —Dr, Joshua Sinai, Perspectives on Terrorism

Martha Crenshaw is a senior fellow at the Center for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC) and the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, as well as professor of political science, by courtesy, at Stanford University. She is also professor of government emerita at Wesleyan University and a lead investigator with the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and the Responses to Terrorism (START) at the University of Maryland.Gary LaFree is professor of criminology and criminal justice and director of the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) at the University of Maryland. He is a past president of the American Society of Criminology, a member of the Attorney General’s Science Advisory Board, and a member of the National Academy of Sciences Committee on Law and Justice.

• Contents:Preface1. Introduction: The Context for Analyzing Counterterrorism Difficulties&#151Current Threats and the State of Academic Research2. Overresponding to Rare Events: The Problem of Uncommon Threats with Irreversible Consequences3. The Tip of the Iceberg: Accounting for Failed and Foiled Terrorist Plots4. Pinning Down an Elusive Adversary: What Is a Terrorist Organization?5. Who Did It? The Attribution Dilemma6. Counterterrorism Results: Can Effectiveness be Evaluated?7. Moving ForwardNotesIndex

“A substantial contribution to the literature on terrorism and counterterrorism.” —Paul Pillar, Nonresident Senior Fellow, Center for Security Studies, Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Services, Georgetown University“A corrective to oversimplified analysis. The scholarship is sound and the book is a welcome offering from two scholars whose knowledge and credentials are superlative.” —Audrey Kurth Cronin, Professor of International Relations, American University, and author of How Terrorism Ends: Understanding the Decline and Demise of Terrorist Campaigns“This is an important academic and public policy analysis of the role of the "conceptual and empirical requirements of defining, classifying, explaining, and responding to terrorist attacks" in "crafting effective counterterrorism policy.” —Dr, Joshua Sinai, Perspectives on Terrorism