Cotton and Williams' Practical Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

Catharine M. Walsh, MD, MEd, PhD, FRCPC is an Associate Professor of Paediatrics at The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. Ahmir Ahmad, MBBS, BSc, MRCP, PhD is a Consultant Gastroenterologist at St. Mark’s Hospital, London, UK. Brian P. Saunders, MD, FRCP, FRCS is a Consultant Gastroenterologist at St. Mark’s Hospital and Professor of Endoscopy at Imperial College, London, UK. Jonathan Cohen, MD, FASGE, FACG is a Clinical Professor of Medicine at the NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA. Peter B. Cotton, MD, FRCP, FRCS is a Professor of Medicine at the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA. Christopher B. Williams, BM, FRCP, FRCS was a Consultant Physician in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy at St. Mark’s Hospital, London, UK.

• List of Video Clips viiiPreface to the Eighth Edition xPreface to the First Edition xiAcknowledgments xiiAbout the Companion Website xiii1 Welcome to Endoscopy 1Resources and links 42 The Endoscopy Unit Staff and Management 6Endoscopy units 6Staff 9Management behavior and teamwork 10Documentation and quality improvement 10Educational resources 11Further reading 113 Endoscopic Equipment 13Endoscopes 13Endoscopic accessories 18Ancillary equipment 19Electrosurgical units 20Lasers and argon plasma coagulation 20Equipment maintenance 21Infection control 22Cleaning and disinfection 22Further reading 264 Patient Care Risks and Safety 27Patient assessment 27Patient education and consent 32Physical preparation 37Sedation/anesthesia 37Recovery and discharge 40Managing adverse events 40Further reading 415 Upper Endoscopy: The Fundamentals 43Patient position 43Endoscopist position 44Endoscope Handling 44Passing the endoscope 45Routine diagnostic survey 48Stomach 50Problems during endoscopy 56Recognition of lesions 57Specimen collection 62Diagnostic endoscopy under special circumstances 65Further reading 676 Therapeutic Upper Endoscopy 69Benign esophageal strictures 69Achalasia 73Esophageal cancer palliation 74Gastric and duodenal stenoses 77Gastric and duodenal polyps and tumors 78Foreign bodies 78Acute bleeding 82Enteral nutrition 90Further reading 947 Colonoscopy and Flexible Sigmoidoscopy 97History 97Indications and limitations and alternatives 97Informed consent 101Contraindications and infective hazards 102Patient preparation 103Medication 110Equipment—present and future 114Anatomy 119Insertion 125Handling “single-handed” “two-handed” or two-person? 127Sigmoid colon—accurate steering 131Endoscopic anatomy of the sigmoid and descending colon 134Sigmoid colon—the bends 137Sigmoid colon—the loops 137Diverticular disease 145Descending colon 147Splenic flexure 148Transverse colon 152Hepatic flexure 156Ascending colon and ileo-cecal region 158Overtubes and balloon colonoscopy 165Examination of the colon 165Stomas 174Pediatric ileocolonoscopy 174Per-operative colonoscopy 175Further reading 1768 Therapeutic Colonoscopy 179Equipment 179Principles of polyp electrosurgery 182Approach to polypectomy 185Selection of polypectomy technique 187Polypectomy: Diminutive and small polyps 187Polypectomy: Large polyps 191Polypectomy: Problem polyps 198Recovery of polypectomy specimens 200Risks of polypectomy 202Other therapeutic procedures 205Further reading 2089 Advanced Endoscopic Procedures 211Small bowel endoscopy 211Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) 212Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) 212Bariatric endoscopy 212Anti-reflux procedures 213Third space procedures and NOTES 213Epilogue: The Future? Comments from the Senior Authors 214Index 216