VITTORIO BOSCIA is Associate Professor in Banking at the University of Leece, Italy and Visiting Researcher at the School of Business and Regional Development, University of Wales, Bangor, UK. ALESSANDRO CARRETTA is Professor of Banking and Director of the Banking and Finance PhD program at the University of Rome, Italy. PAOLA SCHWIZER is Professor of Banking at the University of Parma, Italy, and Senior Professor at SDA Business School at Bocconi University, Italy.