• PrefaceAcknowledgementsCHAPTER ONE: Introduction1.1 Aim and scope of the present study1.2 Material and method1.3 Frequency of conversational routines in spoken language1.4 Psychological aspects of conversational routines1.5 Conversational routines and ritualisation1.6 Lexicalization, grammaticalisation an idiomatisation1.7 Conversational routines and meaning1.8 Criteria of fixdedness1.9. The processing of conversational routines1.10. Routines and discourse1.11 Conversational routines and grammatical analysis1.12. A model for describing the strucural flexibility of conversational routines1.13 The pragmatic function of conversational routines1.14 The pragmatics of conversational routines1.15 Conversational routines and language teachingCHAPTER TWO: Thanking2.1 Introduction2.2 Thank you/thanks as an illolcutionary force indicating device2.3 Thanking and politeness2.4 Strategies of thanking 2.5 Gratitude expressions2.6 Continuation patterns2.7 The grammatical analysis of gratitude expressions2.8 Prosody an fixedness 2.9 Distribution of thanking over different texts 2.10 Thank you/thanks as stems 2.11 The functions of gratitutude expressions 2.12 Thanking as a discourse marker 2.13 The pragmatics of thanking 2.14 Frames for thanking 2.15 ConclusionCHAPTER THREE: Apologies 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Defining apologies 3.3 Apologising strategies 3.4 The form of apologising3.5 Continuation patterns 3.6 The grammatical analysis of apology and expression 3.7 Apologies and prosody 3.8 Distribution of apologies over different texts 3.9 Collocational fixedness and flexibility 3.10 Apologies and function 3.11 Retrospective and anticipatory apologies 3.12 The structural function of apologies 3.13 The type of offence 3.14 Apologies and pragmatic frames 3.15 Conclusion CHAPTER FOUR: Requests and offers 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The speech act assignment mechanism and indirect speech acts 4.3 Indirect speech acts and pragmatic principles 4.4 Indirect speech acts and implicature 4.5 Pragmatic ambiguity 4.6 Defining requests 4.7 Requestive strategies 4.8 A taxonomy of requests 4.9 Requests and politeness 4.10 Continuation patterns 4.11 The grammatical analysis of requestive routines 4.12 Describing request expressions 4.13 Indirect requests and speech act stems 4.14 Types of stem4.15 Lexical mitigating devices 4.16 Internal and external modifiers 4.17 Referential strategies 4.18 Requests and pragmatic conventions 4.19 Imperatives 4.20 Patterns expressing offers 4.21 Conclusion CHAPTER FIVE: Discourse markers as conversational routines 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Coherence and discourse markers 5.3 Discourse markers characterized 5.4 The metalinguistic function 5.5 Relevance theory and communication 5.6 The approach to discourse markers in this work5.7 The linguistic properties of discourse markers 5.8 Contextual properties of discourse markers 5.9 Functional properties of discourse markers 5.10 Combinations in the discourse marker slot 5.11 Discourse markers and cognitive frames 5.12 Conclusion References Index

"This book should benefit anyone interested in the area of communication and interaction and the social activity that it involves." ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS

• PrefaceAcknowledgementsCHAPTER ONE: Introduction1.1 Aim and scope of the present study1.2 Material and method1.3 Frequency of conversational routines in spoken language1.4 Psychological aspects of conversational routines1.5 Conversational routines and ritualisation1.6 Lexicalization, grammaticalisation an idiomatisation1.7 Conversational routines and meaning1.8 Criteria of fixdedness1.9. The processing of conversational routines1.10. Routines and discourse1.11 Conversational routines and grammatical analysis1.12. A model for describing the strucural flexibility of conversational routines1.13 The pragmatic function of conversational routines1.14 The pragmatics of conversational routines1.15 Conversational routines and language teachingCHAPTER TWO: Thanking2.1 Introduction2.2 Thank you/thanks as an illolcutionary force indicating device2.3 Thanking and politeness2.4 Strategies of thanking 2.5 Gratitude expressions2.6 Continuation patterns2.7 The grammatical analysis of gratitude expressions2.8 Prosody an fixedness 2.9 Distribution of thanking over different texts 2.10 Thank you/thanks as stems 2.11 The functions of gratitutude expressions 2.12 Thanking as a discourse marker 2.13 The pragmatics of thanking 2.14 Frames for thanking 2.15 ConclusionCHAPTER THREE: Apologies 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Defining apologies 3.3 Apologising strategies 3.4 The form of apologising3.5 Continuation patterns 3.6 The grammatical analysis of apology and expression 3.7 Apologies and prosody 3.8 Distribution of apologies over different texts 3.9 Collocational fixedness and flexibility 3.10 Apologies and function 3.11 Retrospective and anticipatory apologies 3.12 The structural function of apologies 3.13 The type of offence 3.14 Apologies and pragmatic frames 3.15 Conclusion CHAPTER FOUR: Requests and offers 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The speech act assignment mechanism and indirect speech acts 4.3 Indirect speech acts and pragmatic principles 4.4 Indirect speech acts and implicature 4.5 Pragmatic ambiguity 4.6 Defining requests 4.7 Requestive strategies 4.8 A taxonomy of requests 4.9 Requests and politeness 4.10 Continuation patterns 4.11 The grammatical analysis of requestive routines 4.12 Describing request expressions 4.13 Indirect requests and speech act stems 4.14 Types of stem4.15 Lexical mitigating devices 4.16 Internal and external modifiers 4.17 Referential strategies 4.18 Requests and pragmatic conventions 4.19 Imperatives 4.20 Patterns expressing offers 4.21 Conclusion CHAPTER FIVE: Discourse markers as conversational routines 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Coherence and discourse markers 5.3 Discourse markers characterized 5.4 The metalinguistic function 5.5 Relevance theory and communication 5.6 The approach to discourse markers in this work5.7 The linguistic properties of discourse markers 5.8 Contextual properties of discourse markers 5.9 Functional properties of discourse markers 5.10 Combinations in the discourse marker slot 5.11 Discourse markers and cognitive frames 5.12 Conclusion References Index

"This book should benefit anyone interested in the area of communication and interaction and the social activity that it involves." ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS

• PrefaceAcknowledgementsCHAPTER ONE: Introduction1.1 Aim and scope of the present study1.2 Material and method1.3 Frequency of conversational routines in spoken language1.4 Psychological aspects of conversational routines1.5 Conversational routines and ritualisation1.6 Lexicalization, grammaticalisation an idiomatisation1.7 Conversational routines and meaning1.8 Criteria of fixdedness1.9. The processing of conversational routines1.10. Routines and discourse1.11 Conversational routines and grammatical analysis1.12. A model for describing the strucural flexibility of conversational routines1.13 The pragmatic function of conversational routines1.14 The pragmatics of conversational routines1.15 Conversational routines and language teachingCHAPTER TWO: Thanking2.1 Introduction2.2 Thank you/thanks as an illolcutionary force indicating device2.3 Thanking and politeness2.4 Strategies of thanking 2.5 Gratitude expressions2.6 Continuation patterns2.7 The grammatical analysis of gratitude expressions2.8 Prosody an fixedness 2.9 Distribution of thanking over different texts 2.10 Thank you/thanks as stems 2.11 The functions of gratitutude expressions 2.12 Thanking as a discourse marker 2.13 The pragmatics of thanking 2.14 Frames for thanking 2.15 ConclusionCHAPTER THREE: Apologies 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Defining apologies 3.3 Apologising strategies 3.4 The form of apologising3.5 Continuation patterns 3.6 The grammatical analysis of apology and expression 3.7 Apologies and prosody 3.8 Distribution of apologies over different texts 3.9 Collocational fixedness and flexibility 3.10 Apologies and function 3.11 Retrospective and anticipatory apologies 3.12 The structural function of apologies 3.13 The type of offence 3.14 Apologies and pragmatic frames 3.15 Conclusion CHAPTER FOUR: Requests and offers 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The speech act assignment mechanism and indirect speech acts 4.3 Indirect speech acts and pragmatic principles 4.4 Indirect speech acts and implicature 4.5 Pragmatic ambiguity 4.6 Defining requests 4.7 Requestive strategies 4.8 A taxonomy of requests 4.9 Requests and politeness 4.10 Continuation patterns 4.11 The grammatical analysis of requestive routines 4.12 Describing request expressions 4.13 Indirect requests and speech act stems 4.14 Types of stem4.15 Lexical mitigating devices 4.16 Internal and external modifiers 4.17 Referential strategies 4.18 Requests and pragmatic conventions 4.19 Imperatives 4.20 Patterns expressing offers 4.21 Conclusion CHAPTER FIVE: Discourse markers as conversational routines 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Coherence and discourse markers 5.3 Discourse markers characterized 5.4 The metalinguistic function 5.5 Relevance theory and communication 5.6 The approach to discourse markers in this work5.7 The linguistic properties of discourse markers 5.8 Contextual properties of discourse markers 5.9 Functional properties of discourse markers 5.10 Combinations in the discourse marker slot 5.11 Discourse markers and cognitive frames 5.12 Conclusion References Index

"This book should benefit anyone interested in the area of communication and interaction and the social activity that it involves." ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS