Kathryn Rountree is Professor of Anthropology at Massey University. She has published on contemporary Paganism in Malta and New Zealand, feminist spirituality, animism, shamanism, pilgrimage, the contestation of sacred sites and, more broadly, between religion and science. Her books include Embracing the Witch and the Goddess: Feminist Ritual-makers in New Zealand (Routledge, 2004), Crafting Contemporary Pagan Identities in a Catholic Society (Ashgate, 2010), the edited volume Cosmopolitanism, Nationalism and Modern Paganism (Palgrave, 2017) and the co-edited Archaeology of Spiritualities (Springer, 2012).

• List of FiguresAcknowledgementsIntroduction: Context is Everything: Plurality and Paradox in Contemporary European PaganismsKathryn RountreeChapter 1. Sami Neo-shamanism in Norway: Colonial Grounds, Ethnic Revival and Pagan PathwaysSiv Ellen KraftChapter 2. It’s Not Easy Being Apolitical: Reconstruction and Eclecticism in Danish AsatroMatthew H. AmsterChapter 3. Modern Heathenism in Sweden: A Case Study in the Creation of a Traditional ReligionFredrik GregoriusChapter 4. The Brotherhood of Wolves, Czech Republic: From Ásatrú to PrimitivismKamila VelkoborskáChapter 5. Soviet-era Discourse and Siberian Shamanic Revivalism: How Area Spirits Speak through AcademiaEleanor PeersChapter 6. In Search of Genuine Religion: The Contemporary Estonian MaausulisedMovement and Nationalist DiscourseErgo-Hart VästrikChapter 7. Emerging Identity Marketsof Contemporary Pagan Ideologies in HungaryTamás SzilágyiChapter 8. Hot, Strange, Völkish, Cosmopolitan: Native Faith and Neopagan Witchcraft in Berlin’s Changing Urban ContextVictoria HegnerChapter 9. Paganism in Ireland: Syncretic Processes, Identity and a Sense of PlaceJenny ButlerChapter 10. On the Sticks and Stones of the Greencraft Temple in Flanders: Balancing Global and Local Heritage in WiccaLéon van GulikChapter 11. Iberian Paganism: Goddess Spirituality in Spain and Portugal and the Quest for AuthenticityAnna FedeleChapter 12. Bellisama and Aradia: Paganism Re-emerges in ItalyFrancesca Ciancimino HowellChapter 13. Authenticity and Invention in the Quest for a Modern Maltese PaganismKathryn RountreeNotes on ContributorsIndex

“…provides a wealth of case studies and fresh perspectives on the spread of these contemporary spiritualities across the continent… an important and much–anticipated volume that helps us understand how contemporary Paganisms and Native Faith movements develop and spread across the globe in postmodernity. It will hopefully be followed by additional anthologies that will explore these new forms of religiosity from changing perspectives.” • Reading Religion“Most importantly, perhaps, this volume contributes to the critical effort of sociologically contextualizing Western paganisms as products of glocalization– an interplay between the effects of globalization and local concerns…Students and scholars of the sociology or anthropology of religion and pagan studies will no doubt find this book a useful tool, as it is one of the first complete volumes to explore paganisms in Europe and the complexities and influences of global and local politics, culture, and social change on these emerging movements.” • Anthropos“The reviewed book presents an outstanding effort in researching contemporary Paganism and Native Faith movements in Europe nowadays.” • Pantheon Journal“All in all, this book is of undoubted value to scholars of contemporary Pagan studies, helping to reveal a wide array of previously unknown case studies. Other scholars of religious studies with a particular interest in nationality and national identity may also find much to intrigue them here.” • Nova Religio“…the volume does a fine job of employing descriptive and ethnographic material to highlight the complex interworkings of the analytically-distinguishable but practically-interacting traditionalism and eclecticism.” • Anthropology Review Database“Rountree’s welcome and timely edited volume addresses topical, cutting-edge issues with regard to contemporary European Pagan and Native Faith movements. Focusing on the theoretical richness born out of the tensions found between ‘the local’ and ‘the global,’ past and present, the volume provides a refreshing approach to understanding these movements.” • Amy Whitehead, University of Wales Trinity Saint David

Kathryn Rountree is Professor of Anthropology at Massey University. She has published on contemporary Paganism in Malta and New Zealand, feminist spirituality, animism, shamanism, pilgrimage, the contestation of sacred sites and, more broadly, between religion and science. Her books include Embracing the Witch and the Goddess: Feminist Ritual-makers in New Zealand (Routledge, 2004), Crafting Contemporary Pagan Identities in a Catholic Society (Ashgate, 2010), the edited volume Cosmopolitanism, Nationalism and Modern Paganism (Palgrave, 2017) and the co-edited Archaeology of Spiritualities (Springer, 2012).

• List of FiguresAcknowledgementsIntroduction: Context is Everything: Plurality and Paradox in Contemporary European PaganismsKathryn RountreeChapter 1. Sami Neo-shamanism in Norway: Colonial Grounds, Ethnic Revival and Pagan PathwaysSiv Ellen KraftChapter 2. It’s Not Easy Being Apolitical: Reconstruction and Eclecticism in Danish AsatroMatthew H. AmsterChapter 3. Modern Heathenism in Sweden: A Case Study in the Creation of a Traditional ReligionFredrik GregoriusChapter 4. The Brotherhood of Wolves, Czech Republic: From Ásatrú to PrimitivismKamila VelkoborskáChapter 5. Soviet-era Discourse and Siberian Shamanic Revivalism: How Area Spirits Speak through AcademiaEleanor PeersChapter 6. In Search of Genuine Religion: The Contemporary Estonian MaausulisedMovement and Nationalist DiscourseErgo-Hart VästrikChapter 7. Emerging Identity Marketsof Contemporary Pagan Ideologies in HungaryTamás SzilágyiChapter 8. Hot, Strange, Völkish, Cosmopolitan: Native Faith and Neopagan Witchcraft in Berlin’s Changing Urban ContextVictoria HegnerChapter 9. Paganism in Ireland: Syncretic Processes, Identity and a Sense of PlaceJenny ButlerChapter 10. On the Sticks and Stones of the Greencraft Temple in Flanders: Balancing Global and Local Heritage in WiccaLéon van GulikChapter 11. Iberian Paganism: Goddess Spirituality in Spain and Portugal and the Quest for AuthenticityAnna FedeleChapter 12. Bellisama and Aradia: Paganism Re-emerges in ItalyFrancesca Ciancimino HowellChapter 13. Authenticity and Invention in the Quest for a Modern Maltese PaganismKathryn RountreeNotes on ContributorsIndex

“…provides a wealth of case studies and fresh perspectives on the spread of these contemporary spiritualities across the continent… an important and much–anticipated volume that helps us understand how contemporary Paganisms and Native Faith movements develop and spread across the globe in postmodernity. It will hopefully be followed by additional anthologies that will explore these new forms of religiosity from changing perspectives.” • Reading Religion“Most importantly, perhaps, this volume contributes to the critical effort of sociologically contextualizing Western paganisms as products of glocalization– an interplay between the effects of globalization and local concerns…Students and scholars of the sociology or anthropology of religion and pagan studies will no doubt find this book a useful tool, as it is one of the first complete volumes to explore paganisms in Europe and the complexities and influences of global and local politics, culture, and social change on these emerging movements.” • Anthropos“The reviewed book presents an outstanding effort in researching contemporary Paganism and Native Faith movements in Europe nowadays.” • Pantheon Journal“All in all, this book is of undoubted value to scholars of contemporary Pagan studies, helping to reveal a wide array of previously unknown case studies. Other scholars of religious studies with a particular interest in nationality and national identity may also find much to intrigue them here.” • Nova Religio“…the volume does a fine job of employing descriptive and ethnographic material to highlight the complex interworkings of the analytically-distinguishable but practically-interacting traditionalism and eclecticism.” • Anthropology Review Database“Rountree’s welcome and timely edited volume addresses topical, cutting-edge issues with regard to contemporary European Pagan and Native Faith movements. Focusing on the theoretical richness born out of the tensions found between ‘the local’ and ‘the global,’ past and present, the volume provides a refreshing approach to understanding these movements.” • Amy Whitehead, University of Wales Trinity Saint David

Kathryn Rountree is Professor of Anthropology at Massey University. She has published on contemporary Paganism in Malta and New Zealand, feminist spirituality, animism, shamanism, pilgrimage, the contestation of sacred sites and, more broadly, between religion and science. Her books include Embracing the Witch and the Goddess: Feminist Ritual-makers in New Zealand (Routledge, 2004), Crafting Contemporary Pagan Identities in a Catholic Society (Ashgate, 2010), the edited volume Cosmopolitanism, Nationalism and Modern Paganism (Palgrave, 2017) and the co-edited Archaeology of Spiritualities (Springer, 2012).

• List of FiguresAcknowledgementsIntroduction: Context is Everything: Plurality and Paradox in Contemporary European PaganismsKathryn RountreeChapter 1. Sami Neo-shamanism in Norway: Colonial Grounds, Ethnic Revival and Pagan PathwaysSiv Ellen KraftChapter 2. It’s Not Easy Being Apolitical: Reconstruction and Eclecticism in Danish AsatroMatthew H. AmsterChapter 3. Modern Heathenism in Sweden: A Case Study in the Creation of a Traditional ReligionFredrik GregoriusChapter 4. The Brotherhood of Wolves, Czech Republic: From Ásatrú to PrimitivismKamila VelkoborskáChapter 5. Soviet-era Discourse and Siberian Shamanic Revivalism: How Area Spirits Speak through AcademiaEleanor PeersChapter 6. In Search of Genuine Religion: The Contemporary Estonian MaausulisedMovement and Nationalist DiscourseErgo-Hart VästrikChapter 7. Emerging Identity Marketsof Contemporary Pagan Ideologies in HungaryTamás SzilágyiChapter 8. Hot, Strange, Völkish, Cosmopolitan: Native Faith and Neopagan Witchcraft in Berlin’s Changing Urban ContextVictoria HegnerChapter 9. Paganism in Ireland: Syncretic Processes, Identity and a Sense of PlaceJenny ButlerChapter 10. On the Sticks and Stones of the Greencraft Temple in Flanders: Balancing Global and Local Heritage in WiccaLéon van GulikChapter 11. Iberian Paganism: Goddess Spirituality in Spain and Portugal and the Quest for AuthenticityAnna FedeleChapter 12. Bellisama and Aradia: Paganism Re-emerges in ItalyFrancesca Ciancimino HowellChapter 13. Authenticity and Invention in the Quest for a Modern Maltese PaganismKathryn RountreeNotes on ContributorsIndex

“…provides a wealth of case studies and fresh perspectives on the spread of these contemporary spiritualities across the continent… an important and much–anticipated volume that helps us understand how contemporary Paganisms and Native Faith movements develop and spread across the globe in postmodernity. It will hopefully be followed by additional anthologies that will explore these new forms of religiosity from changing perspectives.” • Reading Religion“Most importantly, perhaps, this volume contributes to the critical effort of sociologically contextualizing Western paganisms as products of glocalization– an interplay between the effects of globalization and local concerns…Students and scholars of the sociology or anthropology of religion and pagan studies will no doubt find this book a useful tool, as it is one of the first complete volumes to explore paganisms in Europe and the complexities and influences of global and local politics, culture, and social change on these emerging movements.” • Anthropos“The reviewed book presents an outstanding effort in researching contemporary Paganism and Native Faith movements in Europe nowadays.” • Pantheon Journal“All in all, this book is of undoubted value to scholars of contemporary Pagan studies, helping to reveal a wide array of previously unknown case studies. Other scholars of religious studies with a particular interest in nationality and national identity may also find much to intrigue them here.” • Nova Religio“…the volume does a fine job of employing descriptive and ethnographic material to highlight the complex interworkings of the analytically-distinguishable but practically-interacting traditionalism and eclecticism.” • Anthropology Review Database“Rountree’s welcome and timely edited volume addresses topical, cutting-edge issues with regard to contemporary European Pagan and Native Faith movements. Focusing on the theoretical richness born out of the tensions found between ‘the local’ and ‘the global,’ past and present, the volume provides a refreshing approach to understanding these movements.” • Amy Whitehead, University of Wales Trinity Saint David