JEFFREY JAMES is Professor of Development Economics at Tilburg University in The Netherlands. He was previously Assistant Professor of Economics at Boston University, USA; Staff Member in the Technology and Employment Branch, ILO, Geneva; and Research Fellow, Queen Elizabeth House, Oxford. His many books in this area include Economics of New Technology in Developing Countries (with Francis Stewart); Technology, Institutions and Government Policies (with S.Watanabe); The State, Technology and Industrialization in Africa: The Transition to Egalitarian Development (with Keith Griffin); and Technological Systems and Development (with Haider A.Khan).