Condensed Encyclopedia of Polymer Engineering Terms

Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff, Ph.D. (Ch.E.) is Director of Clean Technologies and Pollution Prevention Projects at PERI (Princeton Energy Resources International, LLC, Rockville, MD). He has led hundreds of pollution prevention audits and demonstrations; training programs on modern process design practices and plant safety; environmental management and product quality programs; and site assessments and remediation plans for both public and private sector clients throughout the world. He frequently serves as expert witness on personal injury and third-party property damage litigations arising from environmental catastrophes. Dr. Cheremisinoff has contributed extensively to the literature of environmental and chemical engineering as author, co-author, or editor of 150 technical reference books, including Butterworth-Heinemann’s Handbook of Chemical Processing Equipment, and Green Profits.He holds advanced degrees in chemical engineering from Clarkson College of Technology."

• Preface About The Author Abbreviations of Polymers Chapter A Abs (Acrylonitrile butadiene Styrene) Accelerators Acrylic Resin Acrylic (Polyacrylate) Activators Additive Adhesives Air Cooled Heat Exchanger Alcohol Alkali Alkyl Ambient American National Standards Institute (ANSI) American Society for Testing and Materials Amorphous ANSI Antioxidants Antiozonant Apparent Viscosity Aromatic Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Auto-Ignition Temperature Chapter B Batch Intensive Mixing Base Benzene Birefringence Block Copolymers Boiling Point Bulk Polymerization Blown-Film Extrusion Blow Molding Brookfield Viscosity Butane Butyl (IIR) Chapter C Calendering Calorie Capillary Viscometer Carbon Black Carbon Type Analysis CAS Registry Numbers Casting Cavitation Cellular Plastics Cellulose Acetate Propionate Chemical Antiozonants Chemical Resistance Chemical Transportation Emergency Center Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC) Chloroprene Or Neoprene, and Designated Cr Chlorosulphonated Polyethylene Chromatography Cleveland Open Cup (COC) Closed Cup Method Cloud Point Temperature Coating Code of Federal Regulations Coextrusion Cokneader Cold-Flow Improver Cold Molding Colorants Composites Compounded Oil Compounding Compression Set Condensers Cone-Plate Rheometer Congealing Point Control Charts Copolymers Compression Molding Compression Molds Codette Rheometer Cracking Cross-Linked Polymers Creep Rupture Crystalline Polymer Crystallization Cure Rheometer Cure Time Cusum Chart Chapter D Degradable Plastics Demulsibility Demulsifier Denaturing Oil De-Oiling Department of Transportation (DOT) Detergent Dewaxing Die Swell Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Diluent Distillate Distillation Distillation Test Distributive Mixing Drawing Compound Dry Spinning Dynamic Demulsibility Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) Chapter E Elasto-Hydrodynamic (EHD) Lubrication Elasticoviscous Fluids Elastomers Embossing Emulsion Polymerization Emulsion EWMA Control Chart Energy EP Additive Epoxy Resins EP Rubbers EP Terpolymer Ester Eva (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) Evaporation Extensional Rheometry Extrusion Chapter F Fabrication Processes Fatigue Testing FDA (Food and Drug Administration) Fmerglass FMER Orientation Fiber Reinforcement Fire Point Flame Ionization Flammable Limits Flammability Range Flash Point Foaming Foamed Thermoplastics Foamed Thermosets Food Additive Four-Ball Method Freezing Point Fretting Friction Chapter G Gas Chromatography Gas-Phase Polymerization Gel Permeation Chromatography GPC/DRI/Lalls GPC/DRI/VIS GPC/DRI/UV GPC/DRI/FRIR Grafting (Radiation Type) Chapter H Half-Life Halogen Halogenated Hydrocarbons Hand Lay-Up Technique HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) HMWDPE (High Molecular Weight Polyethylene) Heat of Combustion Heat of Decomposition Heat of Solution Heat of Polymerization Heptane Hexane High-Pressure Polymerization High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS) Homogenization Humidity Hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon Waxes Chapter I Ignition Temperature ICP Atomic Emission Spectroscopy Impact Strength Injection Molding Injection Stretch Blow Molding In-Line Screw Injection Molds Internal Batch Mixers Internal Mixing Procedures Ion Chromatography (IC) Ionomers (Surlyn) Ion Selective Electrodes (ISE) ISO (International Organization for Standardization) ISO Standards Chapter J Jelly, White Petroleum Jetness Joule Joule's Law Joule-Thomson Effect Chapter K Kinematic Viscosity Kinetic Energy Knit Line Chapter L Lamination Latent Heat of Vaporization Late Toxicity Lethal Concentration Lethal Dose Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Liquid Chromatography Liquid Crystal Polymers Liquid Heat Capacity Liquid Viscosity LLDPE (Low Linear Density Polyethylene) Long Chain Branching Chapter M Machining Mastic Mass Spectrometry (MS and GC/MS) Matched Mold Forming MBS (Polymethacrylate butadiene Styrene) Melamlnes Melting Point of Wax Melt Phase Thermoforming Melt Flow Indexer Melt Fracture Melt Spinning Microscopy Mill Mixing Mineral Spirits Mixing Practices Molds Molecular Weight Mooney Viscosity Multiple-Screw Extruders Chapter N National Bureau of Standards (NBS) National Electrical Manufacturers association (NEMA) National Fire Protection association (NFPA) National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) Natural Rubber (NBR) NFPA Hazard Classification Nitrile Rubbers (NBR) Novolac Resins Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer Chapter O Oil Content of Petroleum Wax Oscillating Disc Rheometer (ODR) Ozone Cracking Chapter P Packing Group Paek(Polyaryletherketone) PBT (Polybutylene Terephtalate) Peek (Polyetheretherketone) Pel (Polyetherimide) Pekekk(Polyetherketoneetherketoneketone) Penetrometer Peroxides Peroxide Cross-Linking Personal Protective Equipment Pes (Polyethersulfone) Pet (Polyethylene Terephtalate) Petg (Polyethylene Terephtalate Glycol) Phenolics Pipe Or Tube Extrusion Plasma Polymerization Plastics Technical Evaluation Center (Plastec) Plasticity Plasticizers Plastisols and Organosols Plate-And-Frame Heat Exchanger Plunger-Type Transfer Molding PMMA (Polymethylmethacrylate (Acrylic)) Polar Compound Polyacrylonitrile Polyamide Polyarylsulfone(Pas) Polyblends Polybutylene (PB) Poly(Butylene Terephthalate) (PBT) Polycarbonate (PC)/Abs Blends Poly(Cyclohexanedimethylene Terephthalate) (PCT) Polyethylene Poly(Ethylene 2,6-Naphthalenedicarboxylate) (PEN) Poly(Etheretherketone) (PEEK) Polyimide (TPI) Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) Polypropylene (PP) Polyoxymethylene(POM) Polystyrene Crystal (XPS) Polysulfone (PSO) Polysulphides Polyurethanes Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Polyvinylidene Chloride (PVDC) Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Pom (Acetal) Postcuring Potential Energy Ppa (Polyphthalamide) Ppe (Phenylene Ether Co-Polymer) Pps (Polyphenylene Sulfide) Preforming Preplasticating Equipment Pressure Forming Process Oil Profiling Chapter R Reaction Injection Molding Recycling Refined Wax Refractive Index Reinforcements Relative Thermal Index Resin Resin Transfer Molding Resole Formation Rheology Rotational Molding Rubber Compounding Rubber Oil Rubber Oxidation Chapter S San (Styrene Acrylonitrile Copolymer) Scanning Electron Microscopy Scorch Sealing Components Seal Swell (Rubber Swell) Semi-Crystalline Thermoplastics Screw Configurations Screw Transfer Molding Sealants Shear Stress Sheet Extrusion Shell and Tube Type Heat Exchanger Shellac Shewhart Control Chart Short-Term Inhalation Limits Silicone Society of Plastics Engineers (SPE) Society of Plastics Industry (SPI) Solubility Solution Polymerization Solvent Specific Gravity Specific Heat Spiral-Plate Heat Exchanger Stabilizers Stepwise SPC Chart Stoddard Solvent Stress Strain Behavior Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) Styrene Maleic Anhydride Sulfur Vulcanization Surface Grafting Suspension Polymerization Swell and Shrinkage Tests Synthetic Rubber Chapter T Thermal Analysis Thermoforming Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA) Thermoplastics Thermosetting Resins Time-Dependent Fluids Titanium Catalyst Systems Toxicity by Ingestion Toxicity by Inhalation (Threshold Limit Value) TP (Thermoplastic Elastomer Polyester) TPE (Thermoplastic Elastomers) TPO (Thermoplastic Elastomer Polyolefin) TPU (Thermoplastic Polyurethane) Trade Names Transfer Molding Transmission Electron Microscopy Chapter U Ultrasonic Parts assembly Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Units of Measurement UN Hazard Classes and Dmsions V-Tube Heat Exchanger Ureas Chapter V Vacuum Forming Vanadium Catalyst Vapor (Gas) Specific Gravity Varnish Viscoelastic Behavior Viscosity Index (V.I.) Improver Viscosity-Temperature Relationship Volatility Vulcanization Vulcanizing Agents Chapter W Wax (Petroleum) Wax Appearance Point (WAP) Welding White Oil Chapter X X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Xylene Chapter Y Yield Chapter Z Ziegler Natta Catalysts Ziegler Polymerization Process Index

"...an excellent general reference resource for engineers, chemists, technologists, and technicians, as well as students. Working definitions and explanations are given for nearly four hundred terms typically encountered in the industry. Most terms are also cross-referenced to other terminology so the reader can locate other areas as well. A wealth of tables, graphs and figures are liberally sprinkled throughout the book..." --Society for the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering Journal"Recommended as a solid, reliable addition to undergraduate through professional collections in polymer science, materials science, plastics, and engineering." --Choice"...will enable scientists to understand the commercial implications of their work as well as provide polymer technologists, engineers, and designers with a theoretical background." --Fachinformationszentrum Karlsruhe