• Communications and Technical Change; Logistics and Economics of Technological Change in the Supply Chain; Freight versus Passenger Demand for Transportation; Elasticity of Derived Demand for Transport; Role of Transport in Trade; Laws of Variable Proportions and Scale; Direct Costs and Scale Economies; Cost Economies and Traceability; Cost Relationships: Joint, Common and Constant Costs; Elasticity of Supply; Modal Supply Characteristics; Markets and Competition in Transportation; Externalities, Public Supply and Marginal Cost Pricing; Social Costs and Benefits; Spatial and Temporal Pricing in Transportation; Fronthaul and Backhaul Pricing; Peak Load Pricing; Congestion Cost Pricing; Price Discrimination; Transportation, Investment and Generalized Cost; Cost Benefit Analysis and Investment in Infrastructure; Intermodal Competition; Location and Land Settlement; Site Rents, Industrial Location; Gateways, Hubs and Trade Corridors; Transportation and Government Policy; Regulation and Deregulation; Taxation and Subsidization; Issues of Economic Development; Regulatory Enforcement and Compliance; The Role of Fines; Adverse Selection and Moral Hazard;

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