CompTIA Network+ Study Guide

ABOUT THE AUTHORS Todd Lammle, Network+, CCSI, CCNA, CCNP, is the networking authority. Todd is President of GlobalNet System Solutions, Inc., a networking integration and training firm, and is the bestselling author of numerous titles, including the popular CompTIA Network+ Study Guide. Todd has over 900,000 copies of his books in print. He can be reached through his website at www.lammle.com. Jon Buhagiar, Network+, A+, CCNA, is Supervisor of Network Operations at Pittsburgh Technical Institute. In addition to teaching, he has been creating course content for almost 20 years.

• Introduction xxxvAssessment Test  xlviChapter 1 Introduction to Networks 1First Things First: What’s a Network? 2Physical Network Topologies 14Topology Selection, Backbones, and Segments 22Summary 29Exam Essentials 29Written Lab 30Review Questions 31Chapter 2 The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model 35Internetworking Models 36Introduction to Encapsulation 53Modulation Techniques 54Summary 55Exam Essentials 56Written Lab 56Review Questions 57Chapter 3 Networking Connectors and Wiring Standards 61Physical Media 63Cable Properties 82Wiring Standards 84Installing Wiring Distributions 92Summary 94Exam Essentials 95Written Lab 95Review Questions 97Chapter 4 The Current Ethernet Specifications 101Network Basics 102Ethernet Basics 104Ethernet at the Data Link Layer 110Ethernet at the Physical Layer 117Ethernet over Other Standards (IEEE 1905.1- 2013) 123Summary 127Exam Essentials 127Written Lab 127Review Questions 129Chapter 5 Networking Devices 133Common Network Connectivity Devices 135Other Specialized Devices 157Networked Devices 174Planning and Implementing a Basic SOHO Network Using Network Segmentation 175Summary 186Exam Essentials 186Written Lab 187Review Questions 189Chapter 6 Introduction to the Internet Protocol 193Introducing TCP/IP 195Data Encapsulation 230Summary 234Exam Essentials 235Written Lab 236Review Questions 237Chapter 7 IP Addressing 241IP Terminology 243The Hierarchical IP Addressing Scheme 244IPv4 Address Types 251Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) 253Summary 263Exam Essentials 264Written Labs 265Review Questions 267Chapter 8 IP Subnetting, Troubleshooting IP, and Introduction to NAT 271Subnetting Basics 273Troubleshooting IP Addressing 296Introduction to Network Address Translation (NAT) 304Summary 309Exam Essentials 309Written Lab 310Review Questions 311Chapter 9 Introduction to IP Routing 319Routing Basics 320The IP Routing Process 323Testing Your IP Routing Understanding 329Static and Dynamic Routing 331Summary 334Exam Essentials 334Written Lab 335Review Questions 336Chapter 10 Routing Protocols 341Routing Protocol Basics 343Distance- Vector Routing Protocols 347Link- State Routing Protocols 357High Available Routes 362Advanced IPv6 Concepts 363Tunneling 366Dual Stack 369IPv6 Routing Protocols 370RIPng 370EIGRPv 6 371OSPFv 3 371Summary 371Exam Essentials 372Written Lab 372Review Questions 375Chapter 11 Switching and Virtual LANs 379Networking Before Layer 2 Switching 381Switching Services 385Spanning Tree Protocol 392Virtual LANs 397VLAN Trunking Protocol 409Advanced Features of Switches 419Summary 424Exam Essentials 424Written Lab 425Review Questions 426Chapter 12 Wireless Networking 431Introduction to Wireless Technology 433Cellular Technologies 436The 802.11 Standards (Regulatory Impacts) 438Comparing 802.11 Standards 445Wireless Network Components 447Site Survey 466Providing Capacity 468Multiple Floors 469Location- Based WLAN 470Site Survey Tools 470Wireless Security 471Summary 482Exam Essentials 483Written Lab 484Review Questions 485Chapter 13 Remote Network Access 489Site- to- Site VPN 490Client- to- Site VPN 491Remote Desktop Connection 493Virtual Network Computing 495Connection Methods 496Jump Box/Host 501In- Band vs. Out- of- Band Management 502Summary 502Exam Essentials 502Written Lab 503Review Questions 504Chapter 14 Using Statistics and Sensors to Ensure Network Availability 509Performance Monitoring/Metrics/Sensors 511SNMP 518Application Programming Interface Integration 523Protocol Analyzer/Packet Capture 524Flow Data 525Log Aggregation 526Summary 532Exam Essentials 532Written Lab 532Review Questions 534Chapter 15 Organizational Documents and Policies 537Plans and Procedures 539Hardening and Security Policies 545Common Documentation 554IP Address Management 566Common Agreements 566Summary 568Exam Essentials 568Written Lab 568Review Questions 570Chapter 16 High Availability and Disaster Recovery 575Load Balancing 576Multipathing 577Network Interface Card (NIC) Teaming 578Redundant Hardware/Clusters 579Facilities and Infrastructure Support 587Redundancy and High Availability Concepts 591Backups 600Testing 602Summary 603Exam Essentials 603Written Lab 604Review Questions 605Chapter 17 Data Center Architecture and Cloud Concepts 609Cloud Computing 611Infrastructure as Code 625Software- Defined Networking 628Virtual Extensible Local Area Network 633Zero Trust Architecture 633Secure Access Secure Edge/Security Service Edge 634Summary 635Exam Essentials 636Written Lab 636Review Questions 638Chapter 18 Network Troubleshooting Methodology 643Narrowing Down the Problem 646Troubleshooting Steps 666Troubleshooting Tips 695Summary 699Exam Essentials 699Written Lab 700Review Questions 701Chapter 19 Network Software Tools and Commands 705Software Tools 707Using traceroute 712Using ipconfig, ifconfig, and ip 715Using the ifconfig Utility 720Using the ip Utility 720Using the iptables Utility 721Using the ping Utility 722Using the arp Utility 726Using the nslookup Utility 729Resolving Names with the Hosts File 731Using the mtr Command (pathping) 732Using the Nmap Utility 734Using the route Command 735Using tcpdump 747Basic Networking Device Commands 748Hardware Tools 762Summary 766Exam Essentials 767Written Lab 768Review Questions 769Chapter 20 Network Security Concepts 775Common Security Terminology 777AAA Model 790Regulatory Compliance 801Summary 805Exam Essentials 806Written Lab 807Review Questions 808Chapter 21 Common Types of Attacks 813Technology- Based Attacks 817Human and Environmental 829Hardening Security 831Implementing Network Segmentation 837Physical Security Concepts 847Summary 851Exam Essentials 852Written Lab 853Review Questions 854Appendix A Answers to Written Labs 859Chapter 1: Introduction to Networks 860Chapter 2: The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model 860Chapter 3: Networking Connectors and Wiring Standards 860Chapter 4: The Current Ethernet Specifications 861Chapter 5: Networking Devices 862Chapter 6: Introduction to the Internet Protocol 862Chapter 7: IP Addressing 863Chapter 8: IP Subnetting, Troubleshooting IP, and Introduction to NAT 864Chapter 9: Introduction to IP Routing 865Chapter 10: Routing Protocols 865Chapter 11: Switching and Virtual LANs 867Chapter 12: Wireless Networking 867Chapter 13: Remote Network Access 868Chapter 14: Using Statistics and Sensors to Ensure Network Availability 868Chapter 15: Organizational Documents and Policies 869Chapter 16: High Availability and Disaster Recovery 870Chapter 17: Data Center Architecture and Cloud Concepts 870Chapter 18: Network Troubleshooting Methodology 871Chapter 19: Network Software Tools and Commands 871Chapter 20: Network Security Concepts 872Chapter 21: Common Types of Attacks 872Appendix B Answers to Review Questions 873Chapter 1: Introduction to Networks 874Chapter 2: The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model 876Chapter 3: Networking Connectors and Wiring Standards 878Chapter 4: The Current Ethernet Specifications 881Chapter 5: Networking Devices 883Chapter 6: Introduction to the Internet Protocol 885Chapter 7: IP Addressing 888Chapter 8: IP Subnetting, Troubleshooting IP, and Introduction to NAT 890Chapter 9: Introduction to IP Routing 892Chapter 10: Routing Protocols 895Chapter 11: Switching and Virtual LANs 897Chapter 12: Wireless Networking 900Chapter 13: Remote Network Access 902Chapter 14: Using Statistics and Sensors to Ensure Network Availability 905Chapter 15: Organizational Documents and Policies 907Chapter 16: High Availability and Disaster Recovery 910Chapter 17: Data Center Architecture and Cloud Concepts 912Chapter 18: Network Troubleshooting Methodology 915Chapter 19: Network Software Tools and Commands 917Chapter 20: Network Security Concepts 920Chapter 21: Common Types of Attacks 922Appendix C Subnetting Class A 927Subnetting Practice Examples: Class A Addresses 928Subnetting in Your Head: Class A Addresses 930Written Lab C. 1 931Written Lab C. 2 932Answers to Written Lab C. 1 932Answers to Written Lab C. 2 933Index 935