Compressible Flow Propulsion and Digital Approaches in Fluid Mechanics

Michel Ledoux is Professeur des universités. He was formerly Vice-President for Research at the University of Rouen in France, then Regional Delegate for the Ministry of Education in the region of High Normandy for Research and Technology. He is now retired from University, but is Counselor at the Conservatoire de Arts et Métiers in Normandy and still teaches physics to apprentice-engineers (Cnam and ITII). He was involved in reacting flows and spray systems research.Abdelkhalak El Hami is Professeur des universités at the Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA-Rouen) in France and is in charge of the Normandy Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers (CNAM) Chair of Mechanics, as well as several European pedagogical projects. He is an expert in fluid-structure interaction studies and reliability.

• Preface ixChapter 1 The Flow of Viscous Fluids Flow in the Vicinity of a Wall: Boundary Layers and Films 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Characteristics and classification of boundary layers 11.2.1 Boundary layers – various approaches 41.3 The outer boundary layers: an analytical approach 41.3.1 The laminar boundary layer developed by a flat plate in a uniform flow 41.3.2 The turbulent boundary layer 81.4 Examples of analytical approach: outer flows 131.5 Examples of analytical approach: inner flows 231.6 Outer boundary layers: integral methods 431.6.1 Principle of the integral method 431.6.2 Applications of integral methods 461.7 Channels and films 62Chapter 2 One-dimensional Compressible Flows: Fully Reversible Flows 772.1 Introduction 772.2 One-dimensional adiabatic and reversible flows 782.2.1 Hypotheses adopted 782.2.2 Writing the laws 792.2.3 Other useful relations 792.2.4 Fundamental relations 852.2.5 Calculation of flow rate in a piping system 882.2.6 De Laval nozzle 922.3 Applications Reversible adiabatic flows 95Chapter 3 One-dimensional Compressible Flows: Irreversible Flows 1253.1 Introduction 1253.2 Irreversible flow: straight shock wave 1253.2.1 Establishing the fundamental relations 1253.2.2 Applications 1293.3 Partially irreversible flows: shock wave in a nozzle 1443.3.1 Change of the generating state by the shock wave 1443.3.2 Applications 1463.4 Conclusion 156Chapter 4 Modeling and Numerical Simulations 1594.1 Introduction 1594.2 Methodology description and simulation approach 1604.3 Modeling and simulation of coupled systems 1634.3.1 Mathematical formulation Behavior equations 1634.3.2 Fluid–structure coupling conditions 1644.4 Variational formulation 1654.5 Finite element approximation 1654.5.1 Approximation of physical unknowns 1664.5.2 Integration of variational forms 1664.6 The vibro-acoustic problem 1664.7 The hydro-elastic problem 1674.8 Applications 1684.9 Conclusion 196Chapter 5 Numerical Simulation of a Vertical-axis Wind Turbine 1975.1 Introduction 1975.2 Construction of the rotor geometry and definition of the computational domain 1975.2.1 Mesh 1995.2.2 Discretization scheme 2025.2.3 System resolution and convergence 2055.3 Analysis of the results 2065.3.1 Validation of the CFD model 2065.3.2 Influence of the characteristic parameters 2105.4 Conclusion 216Appendix 217Bibliography 265Index 269