Anand Menon is Professor of European Politics and Director of the European Research Institute at the University of Birmingham. He previously spent ten years as Lecturer in European politics at the University of Oxford, where he was also a Fellow St. Antony's College. Prior to that, he gained his BA M.Phil and D.Phil from the same university. Martin A. Schain is Professor of Politics, and Director of the Center for EuropeÂan StudÂies, New York University. He is the author and editor of numerous books on Europe and France, and has also pubÂlished many scholarly articles and book chapters on politics and immigration in France, Europe and the United States, the politics of the extreme right in France, politiÂcal parties in France, and trade unions in France and Britain.