Dexter Hoyos is retired Associate Professor in Classics and Ancient History from the University of Sydney, Australia. He has published extensively on Latin teaching and aspects of Roman and Carthaginian history (including on Hannibal’s actual route over the Alps). His books include Unplanned Wars (1998), Hannibal’s Dynasty (2003), Truceless War (2007), and Hannibal: Rome’s Greatest Enemy (2008).

• List of Tables viiiList of Maps ixNotes on Contributors xList of Abbreviations xviIntroduction: The Punic Wars 1Dexter HoyosPart I Background and Sources 71 The Rise of Rome to 264 9John Serrati2 Early Relations between Rome and Carthage 28Barbara Scardigli3 The Rise of Carthage to 264 39Walter Ameling4 Manpower and Food Supply in the First and Second Punic Wars 58Paul Erdkamp5 Phalanx and Legion: the “Face” of Punic War Battle 77Sam Koon6 Polybius and the Punic Wars 95Craige B. Champion7 Principal Literary Sources for the Punic Wars (apart from Polybius) 111Bernard MineoPart II The First Punic War and Aftermath 1298 The Outbreak of war 131Dexter Hoyos9 A War of Phases: Strategies and Stalemates 264–241 149Boris Rankov10 Roman Politics in the First Punic War 167Bruno Bleckmann11 Roman Politics and Expansion, 241–219 184Luigi Loreto12 Carthage in Africa and Spain, 241–218 204Dexter HoyosPart III The Second Punic War 22313 The Reasons for the War 225Hans Beck14 Hannibal: Tactics, Strategy, and Geostrategy 242Michael P. Fronda15 Hannibal and Propaganda 260Richard Miles16 Roman Strategy and Aims in the Second Punic War 280Klaus Zimmermann17 The War in Italy, 218–203 299Louis Rawlings18 War Abroad: Spain, Sicily, Macedon, Africa 320Peter Edwell19 Rome, Latins, and Italians in the Second Punic War 339Kathryn Lomas20 Punic Politics, Economy, and Alliances, 218–201 357Pedro Barceló21 Roman Economy, Finance, and Politics in the Second Punic War 376Toni Ñaco del HoyoPart IV The Last Half-Century of Carthage 39322 Carthage and Numidia, 201–149 395Claudia Kunze23 Italy: Economy and Demography after Hannibal’s War 412Nathan Rosenstein24 The “Third Punic War”: The Siege of Carthage (148–146 BC) 430Yann Le BohecPart V Conclusions 44725 Death and Transfiguration: Punic Culture after 146 449M’hamed-Hassine Fantar26 Spain, Africa, and Rome after Carthage 467John Richardson27 Carthage and Hannibal in Roman and Greek Memory 483Giovanni BrizziReferences 499Index 531

Dexter Hoyos is retired Associate Professor in Classics and Ancient History from the University of Sydney, Australia. He has published extensively on Latin teaching and aspects of Roman and Carthaginian history (including on Hannibal’s actual route over the Alps). His books include Unplanned Wars (1998), Hannibal’s Dynasty (2003), Truceless War (2007), and Hannibal: Rome’s Greatest Enemy (2008).

• List of Tables viiiList of Maps ixNotes on Contributors xList of Abbreviations xviIntroduction: The Punic Wars 1Dexter HoyosPart I Background and Sources 71 The Rise of Rome to 264 9John Serrati2 Early Relations between Rome and Carthage 28Barbara Scardigli3 The Rise of Carthage to 264 39Walter Ameling4 Manpower and Food Supply in the First and Second Punic Wars 58Paul Erdkamp5 Phalanx and Legion: the “Face” of Punic War Battle 77Sam Koon6 Polybius and the Punic Wars 95Craige B. Champion7 Principal Literary Sources for the Punic Wars (apart from Polybius) 111Bernard MineoPart II The First Punic War and Aftermath 1298 The Outbreak of war 131Dexter Hoyos9 A War of Phases: Strategies and Stalemates 264–241 149Boris Rankov10 Roman Politics in the First Punic War 167Bruno Bleckmann11 Roman Politics and Expansion, 241–219 184Luigi Loreto12 Carthage in Africa and Spain, 241–218 204Dexter HoyosPart III The Second Punic War 22313 The Reasons for the War 225Hans Beck14 Hannibal: Tactics, Strategy, and Geostrategy 242Michael P. Fronda15 Hannibal and Propaganda 260Richard Miles16 Roman Strategy and Aims in the Second Punic War 280Klaus Zimmermann17 The War in Italy, 218–203 299Louis Rawlings18 War Abroad: Spain, Sicily, Macedon, Africa 320Peter Edwell19 Rome, Latins, and Italians in the Second Punic War 339Kathryn Lomas20 Punic Politics, Economy, and Alliances, 218–201 357Pedro Barceló21 Roman Economy, Finance, and Politics in the Second Punic War 376Toni Ñaco del HoyoPart IV The Last Half-Century of Carthage 39322 Carthage and Numidia, 201–149 395Claudia Kunze23 Italy: Economy and Demography after Hannibal’s War 412Nathan Rosenstein24 The “Third Punic War”: The Siege of Carthage (148–146 BC) 430Yann Le BohecPart V Conclusions 44725 Death and Transfiguration: Punic Culture after 146 449M’hamed-Hassine Fantar26 Spain, Africa, and Rome after Carthage 467John Richardson27 Carthage and Hannibal in Roman and Greek Memory 483Giovanni BrizziReferences 499Index 531

Dexter Hoyos is retired Associate Professor in Classics and Ancient History from the University of Sydney, Australia. He has published extensively on Latin teaching and aspects of Roman and Carthaginian history (including on Hannibal’s actual route over the Alps). His books include Unplanned Wars (1998), Hannibal’s Dynasty (2003), Truceless War (2007), and Hannibal: Rome’s Greatest Enemy (2008).

• List of Tables viiiList of Maps ixNotes on Contributors xList of Abbreviations xviIntroduction: The Punic Wars 1Dexter HoyosPart I Background and Sources 71 The Rise of Rome to 264 9John Serrati2 Early Relations between Rome and Carthage 28Barbara Scardigli3 The Rise of Carthage to 264 39Walter Ameling4 Manpower and Food Supply in the First and Second Punic Wars 58Paul Erdkamp5 Phalanx and Legion: the “Face” of Punic War Battle 77Sam Koon6 Polybius and the Punic Wars 95Craige B. Champion7 Principal Literary Sources for the Punic Wars (apart from Polybius) 111Bernard MineoPart II The First Punic War and Aftermath 1298 The Outbreak of war 131Dexter Hoyos9 A War of Phases: Strategies and Stalemates 264–241 149Boris Rankov10 Roman Politics in the First Punic War 167Bruno Bleckmann11 Roman Politics and Expansion, 241–219 184Luigi Loreto12 Carthage in Africa and Spain, 241–218 204Dexter HoyosPart III The Second Punic War 22313 The Reasons for the War 225Hans Beck14 Hannibal: Tactics, Strategy, and Geostrategy 242Michael P. Fronda15 Hannibal and Propaganda 260Richard Miles16 Roman Strategy and Aims in the Second Punic War 280Klaus Zimmermann17 The War in Italy, 218–203 299Louis Rawlings18 War Abroad: Spain, Sicily, Macedon, Africa 320Peter Edwell19 Rome, Latins, and Italians in the Second Punic War 339Kathryn Lomas20 Punic Politics, Economy, and Alliances, 218–201 357Pedro Barceló21 Roman Economy, Finance, and Politics in the Second Punic War 376Toni Ñaco del HoyoPart IV The Last Half-Century of Carthage 39322 Carthage and Numidia, 201–149 395Claudia Kunze23 Italy: Economy and Demography after Hannibal’s War 412Nathan Rosenstein24 The “Third Punic War”: The Siege of Carthage (148–146 BC) 430Yann Le BohecPart V Conclusions 44725 Death and Transfiguration: Punic Culture after 146 449M’hamed-Hassine Fantar26 Spain, Africa, and Rome after Carthage 467John Richardson27 Carthage and Hannibal in Roman and Greek Memory 483Giovanni BrizziReferences 499Index 531