Peter McPhee is Professorial Fellow at the University of Melbourne. His publications include Living the French Revolution 1789–1799 (2006) and Robespierre: A Revolutionary Life (2012). A Fellow of both the Australian Academy of the Humanities and the Academy of Social Sciences, he was made a Member of the Order of Australia in 2012 for service to education and the discipline of history.

• Notes on Contributors x Abbreviations xivIntroduction xvPeter McPheePART I THE ORIGINS AND NATURE OF THE CRISIS OF 1789 11 Rethinking the Origins of the French Revolution 3Peter Campbell2 The Social and Economic Crisis in France at the End of the Ancien Régime 24Jean-Pierre Jessenne3 The Cultural Origins of the French Revolution 42Sarah Maza4 France and the Atlantic World 57Miranda SpielerPART II RESHAPING FRANCE, 1789–91 735 The Principles of 1789 75Michael P. Fitzsimmons6 Reimagining Space and Power 91Alan Forrest7 “The Case against the King,” 1789–93 107Barry M. ShapiroPART III CHURCH, STATE, AND WAR 1218 The Ancien Régime , Catholic Europe, and the Revolution’s Religious Schism 123Dale Van Kley9 The Origins and Outcomes of Religious Schism, 1790–99 145Edward J. Woell10 A Tale of Two Narratives: The French Revolution in International Context, 1787–93 161Thomas E. KaiserPART IV CONTESTING THE LIMITS OF REVOLUTION 17911 Whose Revolution? 181Serge Aberdam12 Gender, Sexuality, and Political Culture 196Anne Verjus13 The Peasantry, Feudalism, and the Environment, 1789–93 212Noelle PlackPART V REVOLUTIONARY AND COUNTER-REVOLUTIONARY VIOLENCE 22914 Urban Crowds, Riot, Utopia, and Massacres, 1789–92 231Donald Sutherland15 The Vendée, Chouannerie, and the State, 1791–99 246Jean-Clément MartinPART VI POLITICAL CHOICE AND PRACTICE 26116 Friends, Enemies, and the Role of the Individual 263Marisa Linton17 Choosing Revolution and Counter-Revolution 278Peter M. Jones18 The Course of the Terror, 1793–94 293David AndressPART VII SEARCHING FOR STABILITY, 1794–99 31119 The Thermidorian Reaction 313Laura Mason20 The Political Culture of the Directory 328James Livesey21 The New Security State 343Howard G. Brown22 The White Terror: Factions, Reactions, and the Politics of Vengeance 359Stephen ClayPART VIII THE REVOLUTION IN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE 37923 The International Repercussions of the French Revolution 381Mike Rapport24 Slavery and the Colonies 397Frédéric Régent25 The Revolutionary Mediterranean 419Ian CollerPART IX CHANGE AND CONTINUITY IN FRANCE 43526 A Revolution in Political Culture 437Isser Woloch27 The Economy, Society, and the Environment 454Peter McPhee28 The French Revolution and the Family 470Suzanne Desan29 The Revolution in History, Commemoration, and Memory 486Pascal DupuyIndex 503

“The emerging global analysis of the French Revolution’s events and legacies expresses a new generation’s search for historical meanings in the transitional decades of 1775-1815. McPhee’s volume has no single theme or unifying vision, but its diversity suggests the continuing vitality of a field that is constantly fragmenting into new themes and perspectives.”  (H-France,  January 2014)“The Revolution will never be exhausted as a subject of historical interest; this volume is an excellent survey of the current state of research.”  (Reference Reviews, 1 November 2013)"Of greatest interest to specialists and graduate students, this will be an important acquisition for collections serving this readership. Summing Up: Essential. Upper-division undergraduates and above.”  (Choice, 1 October 2013)“Highly recommended for anyone with an interest in the Revolution, but especially an interest in modern scholarship.”  (Reading Treasure, 5 March 2013)