Companion to Philosophy in the Middle Ages

Jorge J. E. Gracia is Samuel P. Capen Chair and Distinguished Professor of Philosophy at the State University of New York at Buffalo. He is author of several books, including Hispanic/Latino Identity (Blackwell, 2000) and How Can We Know What God Means? (2001). He is the editor, with Gregory M. Reichberg and Bernard N. Schumacher, of The Classics of Western Philosophy (Blackwell, 2003). Timothy B. Noone is Ordinary Professor of Philosophy at The Catholic University of America. His books include Ioannes Duns Scoti, Quaestiones super librum Porphyrii, Quaestiones super Praedicamenta (1999).

• List of Contributors xiiPreface xvChronological List xviiiPhilosophy in the Middle Ages: An Introduction 1Jorge J. E. GraciaPART I: THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT1 The Ancient Philosophical Legacy and its Transmission to the Middle Ages 15Charles H. Lohr2 The Patristic Background 23Stephen F. Brown3 Philosophy in the Latin Christian West: 750–1050 32Peter King4 The School of Chartres 36Winthrop Wetherbee5 Religious Orders 45M. Michèle Mulchahey and Timothy B. Noone6 Scholasticism 55Timothy B. Noone7 The Parisian Condemnations of 1270 and 1277 65John F. WippelPART II: THE AUTHORS1 Adam of Wodeham 77Rega Wood2 Adelard of Bath 86Jeremiah Hackett3 Alan of Lille 88John Marenbon4 Albert of Saxony 90Edward Grant5 Albertus Magnus 92Mechthild Dreyer6 Albumasar (Abu Ma’shar) 102Jeremiah Hackett7 Alexander of Hales 104Christopher M. Cullen8 Alfarabi (Al-Farabý) 109Deborah L. Black9 Algazali (Al-Ghazalý) 118Thérèse-Anne Druart10 Alhacen (Al-Hasan) 127David C. Lindberg11 Alkindi (Al-Kindi) 129Jean Jolivet12 Alrazi (Al-Razý) 136Thérèse-Anne Druart13 Anselm of Canterbury 138Jasper Hopkins14 Arnaldus of Villanova 152Francisco Bertelloni15 Augustine 154Scott MacDonald16 Avempace (Ibn Bájjah) 172Idris Samawi Hamid17 Avencebrol (Ibn Gabirol) 174Tamar Rudavsky18 Averroes (Ibn Rushd) 182Richard C. Taylor19 Avicenna (Ibn Sýna) 196David B. Burrell20 Bernard of Clairvaux 209Brian Patrick McGuire21 Berthold of Moosburg 215Bruce Milem22 Boethius 217John Magee23 Boethius of Dacia 227B. Carlos Bazán24 Bonaventure 233Andreas Speer25 Dante Alighieri 241Timothy B. Noone26 Denys the Carthusian 243Kent Emery, Jr.27 Dietrich of Freiberg 245Roland J. Teske28 Dominicus Gundissalinus 247R. E. Houser29 Durand of St. Pourçain 249Russell L. Friedman30 Francis of Marchia 254Russell L. Friedman31 Francis of Meyronnes 256Roberto Lambertini32 Gabriel Biel 258Russell L. Friedman33 Gaetano of Thiene 260Stephen E. Lahey34 Gersonides 262Sarah Pessin35 Gilbert of Poitiers 264John Marenbon36 Giles of Rome 266Silvia Donati37 Godfrey of Fontaines 272John F. Wippel38 Gonsalvo of Spain 281A. G. Traver39 Gregory of Rimini 283Jack Zupko40 Guido Terrena 291Francisco Bertelloni41 Hasdai Crescas 293Tamar Rudavsky42 Henry of Ghent 296R. Wielockx43 Henry of Harclay 305Mark G. Henninger44 Hervaeus Natalis 314Roland J. Teske45 Heymeric of Camp 316Peter J. Casarella46 Hildegard of Bingen 318Bruce Milem47 Hugh of St. Victor 320Michael Gorman48 Isaac Israeli 326Sarah Pessin49 Isidore of Seville 328Sandro D’Onofrio50 James of Metz 330Russell L. Friedman51 James of Viterbo 332Mark D. Gossiaux52 Jean de la Rochelle 334Gérard Sondag53 Jerome of Prague 336Jonathan J. Sanford54 John Baconthorpe 338Richard Cross55 John Buridan 340Gyula Klima56 John Capreolus 349Kevin White57 John Dumbleton 351Edith Dudley Sylla58 John Duns Scotus 353Stephen D. Dumont59 John Gerson 370James B. South60 John of Jandun 372James B. South61 John of Mirecourt 377Mauricio Beuchot62 John of Paris 382Russell L. Friedman63 John Pecham 384Girard J. Etzkorn64 John Philoponus 388James B. South65 John of Reading 390Kimberly Georgedes66 John of Salisbury 392C. H. Kneepkens67 John Scotus Eriugena 397Carlos Steel and D. W. Hadley68 John Wyclif 407John D. Kronen69 Landulph Caracciolo 409Christopher Schabel70 Marsilius of Inghen 411Maarten J. F. M. Hoenen71 Marsilius of Padua 413Francisco Bertelloni72 Martin of Dacia 421José Luis Rivera73 Matthew of Aquasparta 423R. E. Houser74 Maximus Confessor 432Eric D. Perl75 Meister Eckhart 434Jan A. Aertsen76 Michael of Massa 443Christopher Schabel77 Moses Maimonides 445Alfred L. Ivry78 Nicholas of Autrecourt 458Mauricio Beuchot79 Nicholas of Cusa 466Louis Dupré and Nancy Hudson80 Nicole Oresme 475Edward Grant81 Paul of Pergula 481Stephen E. Lahey82 Paul of Venice 483Alan Perreiah83 Peter Abelard 485John Marenbon84 Peter Auriol 494Lauge Olaf Nielsen85 Peter of Auvergne 504Robert Andrews86 Peter of Candia 506Christopher Schabel87 Peter Ceffons 508Christopher Schabel88 Peter Damian 510Jonathan J. Sanford89 Peter Helias 512C. H. Kneepkens90 Peter Lombard 514Philipp W. Rosemann91 Peter Olivi 516François-Xavier Putallaz92 Peter de Rivo 524Christopher Schabel93 Peter of Spain 526Gyula Klima94 Peter the Venerable 532Jonathan J. Sanford95 Philip the Chancellor 534R. E. Houser96 Pierre d’Ailly 536Richard A. Lee, Jr.97 Pierre de Maricourt 538José Luis Rivera98 Pseudo-Dionysius 540Eric D. Perl99 Radulphus Brito 550Gordon A. Wilson100 Ralph Strode 552Kimberly Georgedes101 Ramon Lull 553Charles H. Lohr102 Richard Brinkley 559Kimberly Georgedes103 Richard of Campsall 561Kimberly Georgedes104 Richard Fishacre 563R. James Long105 Richard Fitzralph 569Kimberly Georgedes106 Richard Kilvington 571Edith Dudley Sylla107 Richard of Middleton 573Richard Cross108 Richard Rufus of Cornwall 579Rega Wood109 Richard of St. Victor 588Kent Emery, Jr.110 Richard Swineshead 595Edith Dudley Sylla111 Robert Grosseteste 597Neil Lewis112 Robert of Halifax 607Kimberly Georgedes113 Robert Holcot 609Kimberly Georgedes114 Robert Kilwardby 611A. Broadie115 Roger Bacon 616Jeremiah Hackett116 Roger Marston 626Gordon A. Wilson117 Saadiah 630Sarah Pessin118 Siger of Brabant 632B. Carlos Bazán119 Simon of Faversham 641John Longeway120 Thomas Aquinas 643Brian Davies121 Thomas Bradwardine 660Stephen E. Lahey122 Thomas of Erfurt 662Mauricio Beuchot123 Thomas of Sutton 664Gyula Klima124 Thomas Wilton 666Cecilia Trifogli125 Ulrich of Strassburg 668Kent Emery, Jr.126 Vital du Four 670A. G. Traver127 Walter Burley 672M. C. Sommers128 Walter Chatton 674Girard J. Etzkorn129 William of Alnwick 676Stephen D. Dumont130 William Arnaud 678Stephen E. Lahey131 William of Auvergne 680Roland J. Teske132 William of Auxerre 688Jack Zupko133 William of Champeaux 690John Marenbon134 William Crathorn 692Robert Pasnau135 William Heytesbury 694John Longeway136 William of Ockham 696Timothy B. Noone137 William of Sherwood 713John Longeway138 William of Ware 718Richard CrossSelect Topical Bibliography 720Index of Names 725Index of Subjects 731

"Having these key figures present in one volume is sorely needed in the field, and this book provides...a one-volume reference work to fill the gap. As part of the Blackwell Companions to Philosophy series, I highly recommend this work." Reference Reviews"A very useful tool indeed both for specialists and amateurs! It brings together a remarkable bunch among the best scholars in the field from all over the world. The information is rich, precise, and up-to-date; yet the arrangement of the material is simple and handy." Claude Panaccio, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières "An unparalleled source of information on the lives and thought of no fewer than 138 medieval Christian, Islamic, and Jewish philosophers. There are substantial essays here on the well-known heavyweights, such as Augustine, Averroes, Aquinas, Maimonides, and Ockham, but also useful accounts of the somewhat less well known, and the essential minimum on the various shadowy figures of the period, such as Berthold of Moosburg and William of Ware. This book is a ‘must-have’ for any serious student of medieval philosophy or theology." Gareth B. Matthews, University of Massachusetts, Amherst "This volume is a welcome addition to the currently available reference works on medieval philosophy. Its well-written historical articles and its concise and helpful entries on almost 140 medieval philosophers makes this book an indispensable scholarly tool for specialists and non-specialists alike." Eleonore Stump, St. Louis University "This is an impressive collection of work on a perennially underappreciated period of philosophical thought, and I will certainly be recommending it both to my students and to colleagues as a valuable resource in gaining familiarity with medieval thought, within and without the Latin West." - Christina Van Dyke, Calvin College