Martin Pugh is Research Professor in History at Liverpool John Moores University. His previous books include Electoral Reform in War and Peace (1978), The Tories and the People (1985), Women and the Women's Movement in Britain (1992), The March of the Women: a revisionist analysis of the women's suffrage movement (2000), and The Making of Modern British Politics (3rd Edition 2001, Blackwell).

• Tables, Figures and Appendices viiMaps ixContributors xIntroduction xiiiPart I Society and the State 11 Population: Patterns and Processes 3Drake2 Prosperity and Depression: The International Economy 25Sidney Pollard3 The State and the Development of Social Welfare 45Rodney Lowe4 Leisure and Society in Europe, 1871–1945 70Lynn AbramsPart II Political Movements and Ideologies 895 Conservatism and Nationalism 93E. J. Feuchtwanger6 The Dilemmas of Liberalism 111Eugenio Biagini7 Socialist Parties and Policies 133Duncan Tanner8 The Rise of European Feminism 155Martin Pugh9 Revolutionary Europe 174James D. White10 European Fascism 194Richard ThurlowPart III Diplomacy, Defence and War 21111 European Diplomacy, 1871‒1914 213Keith Wilson12 European Imperialism, 1871‒1945 236David Omissi13 The First World War as Total War 262Gerard J. DeGroot14 Warfare and National Defence 282David French15 Appeasement 300P.M. II. Bell16 The Second World War 322A. W. PurdueChronology of Events 1870–1945 342Biographies 350Guide to Further Reading 369Index 399