Companion to Applied Philosophy

Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen is Professor of Political Theory at the University of Aarhus and Professor II in Philosophy at the University of Tromsø. Recent publications include Born Free and Equal? (2013) and Luck Egalitarianism (2015). He is an associate editor of Ethics and was Chair of the Society for Applied Philosophy from 2012 to 2014.David Coady is a senior lecturer in philosophy at the University of Tasmania, Australia. He has published on many topics in applied epistemology, including expertise, conspiracy theory, rumor, and the blogosphere. He is the editor of Conspiracy Theories: The Philosophical Debate (2006), the author of What To Believe Now: Applying Epistemology to Contemporary Issues (2012), and the co-author of The Climate Change Debate: An Epistemic and Ethical Enquiry (2013). He has also published on metaphysics, philosophyof law, police ethics, the ethics of horror films, and the ethics of cricket.Kimberley Brownlee is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Warwick. Her research focuses on the ethics of sociability, social rights, social virtues, and freedom of association. She is the author of Conscience and Conviction: The Case for Civil Disobedience (2012) and co-editor of Disability and Disadvantage (2009).

• Notes on Contributors ixForeword xviAcknowledgments xixPart I Introductory Articles 11 The Nature of Applied Philosophy 3Kasper Lippert‐Rasmussen2 The Methodology of Applied Philosophy 18David Archard3 The Value of Applied Philosophy 34Suzanne UniackePart II Epistemology 494 Applied Epistemology 51David Coady5 Gender and Feminist Epistemology 61Nancy Daukas6 The Epistemology of Deliberative Democracy 76Fabienne Peter7 Information Markets 89Kristoffer Ahlstrom‐Vij8 Epistemology for (Real) People 103Michael Bishop and J.D. Trout9 Are Conspiracy Theorists Epistemically Vicious? 120Charles R. Pigden10 Experts in the Climate Change Debate 133Ben Almassi11 Freedom of Expression, Diversity, and Truth 147Klemens Kappel, Bjørn Hallsson, and Emil F.L. MøllerPart III Metaphysics and Philosophy of Language 16312 Applied Metaphysics 165Katherine Hawley13 Applied Philosophy of Language 180Emma Borg14 Social Ontology and War 196Seumas Miller15 The Metaphysics of Gender 211Natalie Stoljar16 The Existence of the Dead 224Steven Luper17 Freedom of Expression and Derogatory Words 236Caroline WestPart IV Ethics 25318 Applied Moral Philosophy 255Richard Arneson19 Neuroethics and Responsibility 270Neil Levy20 Non‐ideal Theory 284Zofia Stemplowska21 Death: Badness and Prudential Reasons 297Jens JohanssonPart V Political Philosophy and Philosophy of Law 31122 Applied Political and Legal Philosophy 313Michelle Madden Dempsey and Matthew Lister23 Legal Human Rights Theory 328Samantha Besson24 Collectivism and Reductivism in the Ethics of War 342Helen Frowe25 Freedom of Association 356Kimberley Brownlee26 Neuroethics and Criminal Justice 370Jesper Ryberg and Thomas Søbirk Petersen27 Deliberative Democracy 383Thomas Christiano and Sameer Bajaj28 Tax Ethics: Political and Individual 397Geoffrey Brennan and George Tsai29 Benefiting from Wrongdoing 411Avia Pasternak30 Freedom of Religion and Expression 424Larry AlexanderPart VI Philosophy of Science 43931 Applied Philosophy of Social Science: The Case of the Social Construction of Race 441Isaac Wiegman and Ron Mallon32 Social Constructivism in Social Science and Science Wars 455Finn Collin33 Did Climate Change Cause That? 469Richard CorryPart VII Aesthetics 48534 Applied Aesthetics 487David Davies35 Thought Experiments in Aesthetics 501Paisley Livingston and Mikael Pettersson36 Aesthetic Value, Artistic Value, and Morality 514Andrea Sauchelli37 The Applied Philosophy of Humor 527Noël CarrollPart VIII Philosophy of Religion 53938 Applied Philosophy of Religion 541C.A.J. Coady39 Thinking about Reported Miracles 555Timothy Mcgrew40 Religion and Neuroscience 567Monima ChadhaPart IX History of Applied Philosophy 58341 Ancient Applied Philosophy 585Chris Megone42 Modern Applied Philosophy: Kant on Theory and Practice 599Allen WoodIndex 612