MARTIN HÄHNEL is a Lecturer at the University of Bremen with a particular focus on applied philosophy and normative ethics (especially virtue ethics). In his current research, he advocates a neo-Aristotelian approach to ethics, which he attempts to apply to contemporary problems and challenges in bioethics, research ethics and AI ethics. REGINA MÜLLER is a postdoctoral researcher at the Department of Philosophy at the University of Bremen. Her work addresses the ethical dimensions of technology, especially in health care and medicine. She focuses on the intersections of digital ethics, medical ethics and structural injustice, with a strong emphasis on feminist perspectives.

• Notes on Contributors viiiAcknowledgments xiiPart I Methodological Foundations 11 Introduction to Applied Philosophy of AI: Foundations, Contexts, and Perspectives 3Martin Hähnel and Regina Müller2 Philosophy of AI: A Structured Overview 14Vincent C. Müller3 Applied Philosophy of AI as Conceptual Design 31Luciano FloridiPart II Relevant Areas of Research 39Applied Epistemology of AI 414 AI and Knowledge of the Self 43Paula Boddington5 AI and the Philosophy of Expertise and Epistemic Authority 55Rico Hauswald6 Deep Opacity in AI: A Threat to XAI and Standard Privacy Protection Mechanisms 71Vincent C. Müller Copyrighted Material7 Explainability in Algorithmic Decision Systems 82John Basl and David G. Grant8 Epistemology and Politics of AI 104Oliver Buchholz and Karoline Reinhardt9 AI and Epistemic Injustice 118Mirjam Faissner, Janne Lenk, and Regina Müller viiiApplied Ethics of AI I: Conceptual Sources 13310 Ethical Theories for AI: Systematizing the Discourse 135Martin Hähnel and Regina Müller11 Deontology in AI 151Thomas M. Powers12 Consequentialism and AI 165Jörg Schroth13 Virtue Ethics and AI 178Kathi Beier14 Feminist Ethics and AI 192Regina MüllerApplied Ethics of AI II: Fields and Intersections of Application 20915 Robots, Wrasse, and the Evolution of Reciprocity 211Michael T. Dale16 Ethical Design of Datafication by Principles of Biomedical Ethics 224Antonia Kempkens17 Embedding Ethics into Medical AI 238Lukas J. Meier18 Simulating Moral Exemplars: On the Possibility of Virtuous Machines 249Marten H.L. Kaas19 Trust in AI 265Karoline Reinhardt20 Are Large Language Models Embodied?: Basic Empathy with Disembodied Others 278Abootaleb SafdariApplied Social, Political, and Legal Philosophy of AI 29321 The Social Turn in the Ethics of AI: Between Deliberation and Relational Justice 295Hugo Cossette- Lefebvre22 AI, Critical Theory, and the Concept of Progress 310Rosalie Waelen and Larissa Bolte23 Artificial Power: Power, Technoperformances, and the Politics of AI 322Mark Coeckelbergh24 AI and Fundamental Rights 344John- Stewart Gordon25 Global Governance of AI, Cultural Values, and Human Rights 359Pak- Hang Wong26 Collective Ownership of AI 372Markus Furendal27 AI Personhood 387David J. GunkelPart III The Future of Applied Philosophy of AI 39928 The Future of Human Responsibility: AI, Responsibility Gaps, and Asymmetries Between Praise and Blame 401Sven Nyholm29 Artificial Moral Agents 415Catrin Misselhorn30 AI- aided Moral Enhancement: Exploring Opportunities and Challenges 428Andrea BerberIndex 442

MARTIN HÄHNEL is a Lecturer at the University of Bremen with a particular focus on applied philosophy and normative ethics (especially virtue ethics). In his current research, he advocates a neo-Aristotelian approach to ethics, which he attempts to apply to contemporary problems and challenges in bioethics, research ethics and AI ethics. REGINA MÜLLER is a postdoctoral researcher at the Department of Philosophy at the University of Bremen. Her work addresses the ethical dimensions of technology, especially in health care and medicine. She focuses on the intersections of digital ethics, medical ethics and structural injustice, with a strong emphasis on feminist perspectives.

• Notes on Contributors viiiAcknowledgments xiiPart I Methodological Foundations 11 Introduction to Applied Philosophy of AI: Foundations, Contexts, and Perspectives 3Martin Hähnel and Regina Müller2 Philosophy of AI: A Structured Overview 14Vincent C. Müller3 Applied Philosophy of AI as Conceptual Design 31Luciano FloridiPart II Relevant Areas of Research 39Applied Epistemology of AI 414 AI and Knowledge of the Self 43Paula Boddington5 AI and the Philosophy of Expertise and Epistemic Authority 55Rico Hauswald6 Deep Opacity in AI: A Threat to XAI and Standard Privacy Protection Mechanisms 71Vincent C. Müller Copyrighted Material7 Explainability in Algorithmic Decision Systems 82John Basl and David G. Grant8 Epistemology and Politics of AI 104Oliver Buchholz and Karoline Reinhardt9 AI and Epistemic Injustice 118Mirjam Faissner, Janne Lenk, and Regina Müller viiiApplied Ethics of AI I: Conceptual Sources 13310 Ethical Theories for AI: Systematizing the Discourse 135Martin Hähnel and Regina Müller11 Deontology in AI 151Thomas M. Powers12 Consequentialism and AI 165Jörg Schroth13 Virtue Ethics and AI 178Kathi Beier14 Feminist Ethics and AI 192Regina MüllerApplied Ethics of AI II: Fields and Intersections of Application 20915 Robots, Wrasse, and the Evolution of Reciprocity 211Michael T. Dale16 Ethical Design of Datafication by Principles of Biomedical Ethics 224Antonia Kempkens17 Embedding Ethics into Medical AI 238Lukas J. Meier18 Simulating Moral Exemplars: On the Possibility of Virtuous Machines 249Marten H.L. Kaas19 Trust in AI 265Karoline Reinhardt20 Are Large Language Models Embodied?: Basic Empathy with Disembodied Others 278Abootaleb SafdariApplied Social, Political, and Legal Philosophy of AI 29321 The Social Turn in the Ethics of AI: Between Deliberation and Relational Justice 295Hugo Cossette- Lefebvre22 AI, Critical Theory, and the Concept of Progress 310Rosalie Waelen and Larissa Bolte23 Artificial Power: Power, Technoperformances, and the Politics of AI 322Mark Coeckelbergh24 AI and Fundamental Rights 344John- Stewart Gordon25 Global Governance of AI, Cultural Values, and Human Rights 359Pak- Hang Wong26 Collective Ownership of AI 372Markus Furendal27 AI Personhood 387David J. GunkelPart III The Future of Applied Philosophy of AI 39928 The Future of Human Responsibility: AI, Responsibility Gaps, and Asymmetries Between Praise and Blame 401Sven Nyholm29 Artificial Moral Agents 415Catrin Misselhorn30 AI- aided Moral Enhancement: Exploring Opportunities and Challenges 428Andrea BerberIndex 442

MARTIN HÄHNEL is a Lecturer at the University of Bremen with a particular focus on applied philosophy and normative ethics (especially virtue ethics). In his current research, he advocates a neo-Aristotelian approach to ethics, which he attempts to apply to contemporary problems and challenges in bioethics, research ethics and AI ethics. REGINA MÜLLER is a postdoctoral researcher at the Department of Philosophy at the University of Bremen. Her work addresses the ethical dimensions of technology, especially in health care and medicine. She focuses on the intersections of digital ethics, medical ethics and structural injustice, with a strong emphasis on feminist perspectives.

• Notes on Contributors viiiAcknowledgments xiiPart I Methodological Foundations 11 Introduction to Applied Philosophy of AI: Foundations, Contexts, and Perspectives 3Martin Hähnel and Regina Müller2 Philosophy of AI: A Structured Overview 14Vincent C. Müller3 Applied Philosophy of AI as Conceptual Design 31Luciano FloridiPart II Relevant Areas of Research 39Applied Epistemology of AI 414 AI and Knowledge of the Self 43Paula Boddington5 AI and the Philosophy of Expertise and Epistemic Authority 55Rico Hauswald6 Deep Opacity in AI: A Threat to XAI and Standard Privacy Protection Mechanisms 71Vincent C. Müller Copyrighted Material7 Explainability in Algorithmic Decision Systems 82John Basl and David G. Grant8 Epistemology and Politics of AI 104Oliver Buchholz and Karoline Reinhardt9 AI and Epistemic Injustice 118Mirjam Faissner, Janne Lenk, and Regina Müller viiiApplied Ethics of AI I: Conceptual Sources 13310 Ethical Theories for AI: Systematizing the Discourse 135Martin Hähnel and Regina Müller11 Deontology in AI 151Thomas M. Powers12 Consequentialism and AI 165Jörg Schroth13 Virtue Ethics and AI 178Kathi Beier14 Feminist Ethics and AI 192Regina MüllerApplied Ethics of AI II: Fields and Intersections of Application 20915 Robots, Wrasse, and the Evolution of Reciprocity 211Michael T. Dale16 Ethical Design of Datafication by Principles of Biomedical Ethics 224Antonia Kempkens17 Embedding Ethics into Medical AI 238Lukas J. Meier18 Simulating Moral Exemplars: On the Possibility of Virtuous Machines 249Marten H.L. Kaas19 Trust in AI 265Karoline Reinhardt20 Are Large Language Models Embodied?: Basic Empathy with Disembodied Others 278Abootaleb SafdariApplied Social, Political, and Legal Philosophy of AI 29321 The Social Turn in the Ethics of AI: Between Deliberation and Relational Justice 295Hugo Cossette- Lefebvre22 AI, Critical Theory, and the Concept of Progress 310Rosalie Waelen and Larissa Bolte23 Artificial Power: Power, Technoperformances, and the Politics of AI 322Mark Coeckelbergh24 AI and Fundamental Rights 344John- Stewart Gordon25 Global Governance of AI, Cultural Values, and Human Rights 359Pak- Hang Wong26 Collective Ownership of AI 372Markus Furendal27 AI Personhood 387David J. GunkelPart III The Future of Applied Philosophy of AI 39928 The Future of Human Responsibility: AI, Responsibility Gaps, and Asymmetries Between Praise and Blame 401Sven Nyholm29 Artificial Moral Agents 415Catrin Misselhorn30 AI- aided Moral Enhancement: Exploring Opportunities and Challenges 428Andrea BerberIndex 442