Angus Dalrymple-Smith, Ph.D (2017), Wageningen University, is a lecturer and researcher on the impact of the transatlantic slave trade on West African economies and societies in the early modern period.

• List of Figures, Maps and TablesList of AppendicesIntroduction: Historiography of the Commercial Transition1 From Slaves to ‘legitimate commerce’: Different Places, Different Times2 West African Trade with the Atlantic World3 Accounting for Regional Differences4 OrganisationPart 1Trends in the (Non-Slave) Trade with West Africa Over the Eighteenth Century1 Regional Patterns of (Non-Slave) Trade in the First Half of the Eighteenth Century1 The Commodity Trade in the Early Eighteenth Century2 Trade in Africa in the Eighteenth Century2 Commercial Agriculture and Slave Ship Provisioning 1680–1800 1 Did the Transatlantic Slave Trade Boost West African Commercial Agriculture?2 Main Results3 Changing Relative Prices and Trade Risks4 Revised Estimates of West African Food Exports, 1681–18075 Why did British Provisioning Strategies Differ and What were the Impacts on Different Regions?3 The Transatlantic Slave and Commodity Trades in the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century1 Measuring the Volume and Value of the Commodity Trade2 Real Value and Structure of West Africa’s Commodity Trade3 Regional Trade4 Market Exchange and the Slave TradePart 2The Long-Term Roots of the Commercial Transitions: Case Studies4 The Gold Coast: Gold, Wealth and Power Amongst the Akans1 Long-term Trade Contacts2 A New Interpretation of the Impact of Abolition3 Economic and Political Considerations in 18084 Gold and the Asante State5 Household Labour Decisions5 The Bight of Biafra: From Export Slavery to Slave Production1 External Trade2 The Value of the Commodity Trade and ‘comey’3 Britain and Palm Oil Trading4 Institutional Development in Biafra5 The Demand for Labour and the Internal Slave Trade6 Household Production of Palm Oil6 The Bight of Benin: Dahomey and the Dominance of Export Slavery1 Long-term Trends in Dahomey’s Trade2 Comparative Value of the Slave and Commodity Trades3 Trading Partners4 Dahomean Militarism5 Militarism and LabourConclusion 1 Long-Term Patterns of Trade2 Diverging Trajectories3 The Real Impact of Britain’s Abolition Campaign4 Implications and Future ResearchBibliography Published Contemporary SourcesSecondary SourcesOnline SourcesIndex

Angus Dalrymple-Smith, Ph.D (2017), Wageningen University, is a lecturer and researcher on the impact of the transatlantic slave trade on West African economies and societies in the early modern period.

• List of Figures, Maps and TablesList of AppendicesIntroduction: Historiography of the Commercial Transition1 From Slaves to ‘legitimate commerce’: Different Places, Different Times2 West African Trade with the Atlantic World3 Accounting for Regional Differences4 OrganisationPart 1Trends in the (Non-Slave) Trade with West Africa Over the Eighteenth Century1 Regional Patterns of (Non-Slave) Trade in the First Half of the Eighteenth Century1 The Commodity Trade in the Early Eighteenth Century2 Trade in Africa in the Eighteenth Century2 Commercial Agriculture and Slave Ship Provisioning 1680–1800 1 Did the Transatlantic Slave Trade Boost West African Commercial Agriculture?2 Main Results3 Changing Relative Prices and Trade Risks4 Revised Estimates of West African Food Exports, 1681–18075 Why did British Provisioning Strategies Differ and What were the Impacts on Different Regions?3 The Transatlantic Slave and Commodity Trades in the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century1 Measuring the Volume and Value of the Commodity Trade2 Real Value and Structure of West Africa’s Commodity Trade3 Regional Trade4 Market Exchange and the Slave TradePart 2The Long-Term Roots of the Commercial Transitions: Case Studies4 The Gold Coast: Gold, Wealth and Power Amongst the Akans1 Long-term Trade Contacts2 A New Interpretation of the Impact of Abolition3 Economic and Political Considerations in 18084 Gold and the Asante State5 Household Labour Decisions5 The Bight of Biafra: From Export Slavery to Slave Production1 External Trade2 The Value of the Commodity Trade and ‘comey’3 Britain and Palm Oil Trading4 Institutional Development in Biafra5 The Demand for Labour and the Internal Slave Trade6 Household Production of Palm Oil6 The Bight of Benin: Dahomey and the Dominance of Export Slavery1 Long-term Trends in Dahomey’s Trade2 Comparative Value of the Slave and Commodity Trades3 Trading Partners4 Dahomean Militarism5 Militarism and LabourConclusion 1 Long-Term Patterns of Trade2 Diverging Trajectories3 The Real Impact of Britain’s Abolition Campaign4 Implications and Future ResearchBibliography Published Contemporary SourcesSecondary SourcesOnline SourcesIndex

Angus Dalrymple-Smith, Ph.D (2017), Wageningen University, is a lecturer and researcher on the impact of the transatlantic slave trade on West African economies and societies in the early modern period.

• List of Figures, Maps and TablesList of AppendicesIntroduction: Historiography of the Commercial Transition1 From Slaves to ‘legitimate commerce’: Different Places, Different Times2 West African Trade with the Atlantic World3 Accounting for Regional Differences4 OrganisationPart 1Trends in the (Non-Slave) Trade with West Africa Over the Eighteenth Century1 Regional Patterns of (Non-Slave) Trade in the First Half of the Eighteenth Century1 The Commodity Trade in the Early Eighteenth Century2 Trade in Africa in the Eighteenth Century2 Commercial Agriculture and Slave Ship Provisioning 1680–1800 1 Did the Transatlantic Slave Trade Boost West African Commercial Agriculture?2 Main Results3 Changing Relative Prices and Trade Risks4 Revised Estimates of West African Food Exports, 1681–18075 Why did British Provisioning Strategies Differ and What were the Impacts on Different Regions?3 The Transatlantic Slave and Commodity Trades in the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century1 Measuring the Volume and Value of the Commodity Trade2 Real Value and Structure of West Africa’s Commodity Trade3 Regional Trade4 Market Exchange and the Slave TradePart 2The Long-Term Roots of the Commercial Transitions: Case Studies4 The Gold Coast: Gold, Wealth and Power Amongst the Akans1 Long-term Trade Contacts2 A New Interpretation of the Impact of Abolition3 Economic and Political Considerations in 18084 Gold and the Asante State5 Household Labour Decisions5 The Bight of Biafra: From Export Slavery to Slave Production1 External Trade2 The Value of the Commodity Trade and ‘comey’3 Britain and Palm Oil Trading4 Institutional Development in Biafra5 The Demand for Labour and the Internal Slave Trade6 Household Production of Palm Oil6 The Bight of Benin: Dahomey and the Dominance of Export Slavery1 Long-term Trends in Dahomey’s Trade2 Comparative Value of the Slave and Commodity Trades3 Trading Partners4 Dahomean Militarism5 Militarism and LabourConclusion 1 Long-Term Patterns of Trade2 Diverging Trajectories3 The Real Impact of Britain’s Abolition Campaign4 Implications and Future ResearchBibliography Published Contemporary SourcesSecondary SourcesOnline SourcesIndex