This book describes the basic principles and techniques of cold plasma to synthesize nanomaterials, emphasizing the fundamentals.Nanotechnology has matured enough to make inroads into the industry. “Quantum size effects” is the basis of the exotic properties of nanomaterials. The shapes and the size distribution dictate the properties of the nano-matter. The demands of the synthesis technique are to produce nano-matter with uniform size, repeatable shapes, uniform size distribution, stability of the nanostructures (reaching thermodynamic equilibrium), reproducibility of the particle sizes, and reliability of the process. These demands can be met when the synthesis technique has precise control over the process parameters. Cold plasma techniques possess all the requirements of the needs of nanomaterial synthesis. The cold plasma, an evolving field, has been established to be the most powerful tool not only for micro-electronics (both in the deposition and etching) but in many areas like health care, medicine, agriculture, food processing, etc.The book’s primary emphasis is to explain the basic principles and concepts of cold plasma in nanomaterial synthesis. The target audience is undergraduate and graduate students learning nanomaterial synthesis and plasma technology. It is hoped that this book also is a good source of reference for practicing scientists and engineers involved in synthesizing nanomaterials and nanostructures in the industry.