Sue Baines (1956-2023) was Professor of Social Enterprise at Manchester Metropolitan University. Rob Wilson is Professor of Digital Economy at Northumbria University. Chris Fox is Professor of Evaluation and Policy Analysis at Manchester Metropolitan University. Inga Narbutaité Aflaki is Senior Lecturer in Political Science at Karlstad University. Andrea Bassi is Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of Bologna. Heli Aramo-Immonen is Principal Lecturer in the School of Engineering and Business at Turku University of Applied Sciences. Riccardo Prandini is Professor of Sociology of Culture and Communication at University of Bologna.

• 1. Introduction: Co-creation and the ‘sandcastle’ problem - Sue Baines, Rob Wilson, Chris Fox, Inga Narbutaité Aflaki, Andrea Bassi, Heli Aramo- Immonen and Riccardo Prandini2. Understanding co-creation: strengths and capabilities - Chris Fox3. Co-creation as a driver of social innovation and public service reform? - Andrea Bassi, Inga Narbutaité Aflaki, Heli Aramo-Immonen and Sue Baines4. Co-creating capacity? Empowerment and learning for front-line workers and organisations - Inga Narbutaité Aflaki and Andrea Bassi5. Co-creating with marginalised young people: social media and social hackathons - Heli Aramo-Immonen and Hanna Kirjavainen6. Digital technology, stigmatised citizens and unfulfilled promises - Sue Baines, Jordan Harrison and Natalie Rutter7. Connecting citizens and services through the power of storytelling - Hayley Trowbridge8. Co-governance and co-management as preliminary conditions for social justice in co-creation - Riccardo Prandini and Giulia Ganugi9. Evaluation and the evidence base for co-creation - Chris Fox, Andrea Bassi and Sue Baines10. Living Labs for innovating relationships: the CoSMoS tool - David Jamieson, Mike Martin, Rob Wilson, Florian Sipos, Judit Csoba and Alex Sakellariou11. Moving towards relational services: the role of digital service environments and platforms? - Mike Martin, Rob Wilson and David Jamieson12. Conclusions: Moving beyond building sandcastles … long-term sociotechnical infrastructure for social justice - Rob Wilson, Sue Baines, Andrea Bassi, Heli Aramo-Immonen, Riccardo Prandini, Inga Narbutaité Aflaki and Chris Fox

“Providing an insightful collection of public service co-creation with marginalised populations, this book is for anyone interested in learning from successful co-creation as well as unfulfilled promises and challenges.” Juliane Jarke, University of Graz