About the Editor MICHAEL CARROLL, Senior Lecturer in Reproductive Science, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK

• List of Contributors xiAbout the Editor xvPreface xviiAcknowledgements xixAbout the Companion Website xxiSection One Reproductive Science: Fundamentals of Human Reproductive Biology 11 Sexual Differentiation, Gonadal Development, and Development of the External Genitalia: A Review of The Regulation of Sexual Differentiation 3Rebecca M. Perrett2 Male and Female Reproductive Anatomy 35Sara Sulaiman and James Coey3 Fundamentals of Reproductive Endocrinology 45Derrick Ebot, Haider Hilal, Michael Carroll, and James Coey4 The Ovaries, Oocytes, and Folliculogenesis 57Jacques Gilloteaux and James Coey5 The Human Spermatozoa 65Allan Pacey and Katrina Williams6 The Biology of Fertilization 75Michael Carroll7 Human Embryo Development: From Zygote Stage to Peri‐Implantation Blastocyst 93Stéphane Berneau and Michael Carroll8 The Female Reproductive Tract and Early Embryo Development: A Question of Supply and Demand 99Henry J. Leese and Daniel R. BrisonSection Two Clinical Reproductive Science: Causes of Male and Female Infertility 1099 Disorders of Male Reproductive Endocrinology 111Michael Carroll10 Disorders of Female Reproductive Endocrinology 125Mahshid Nickkho‐Amiry and Cheryl T. Fitzgerald11 Oocyte Aneuploidy and the Maternal Age Effect 133Mary Herbert12 Female Reproductive Pathology: Peritoneal, Uterine, and Fallopian Tube Pathologies 147Kenneth Ma Kin Yue, Rosa Trigas, and Edmond Edi‐Osagie13 Pathologies of the Male Reproductive Tract 159Aarush Sajjad, Muhammad A. Akhtar, and Yasmin Sajjad14 The Impact of Infections on Reproduction and Fertility 177Val Edwards Jones15 Nutrition, Fetal Health, and Pregnancy 189Emma Derbyshire16 The Embryonic Environment and Developmental Origins of Health 195Tom P. Fleming and Congshan Sun17 Lifestyle and Environmental Impacts on Fertility 205Ana‐Maria Tomova and Michael CarrollSection Three Clinical Reproductive Science In Practice: IVF and Assisted Reproductive Technologies 21518 Assessing the Infertile Couple 217Narmada Katakam, Ruth Arnesen, Caroline Watkins, Bert Stewart, and Luciano G. Nardo19 Ovarian Stimulation Protocols 231Nikolaos Tsampras and Cheryl T. Fitzgerald20 Oocyte Retrieval Techniques and Culture of Oocytes 241Dawn Yell21 Sperm Preparation: Strategy and Methodology 251Stephen Harbottle22 Diagnostic Semen Analysis: Uncertainty, Clinical Value, and Recent Advances 265Mathew Tomlinson23 Surgical Sperm Retrieval 279Muhammad A. Akhtar, Elizabeth Hester, Solmaz Gul Sajjad, and Yasmin Sajjad24 In Vitro Fertilization and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection 291Bryan Woodward25 Morphological Assessment of Embryos in Culture 303J. Diane Critchlow26 In Vitro Culture of Gametes and Embryos – The Culture Medium 317Robbie Kerr27 Incubators in the Assisted Reproductive Technology Laboratory 333Louise Hyslop28 Embryo Transfer Techniques and Improving Embryo Implantation Rates 341Rachel Cutting29 Cryopreservation of Gametes and Embryos 351Tope Adeniyi30 Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening 371Colleen Lynch and Brendan Ball31 Long‐Term Follow‐Up of Children Conceived Through In Vitro Fertilization 385Omar Abdel‐Mannan and Alastair G. SutcliffeIndex 393

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