• 1 Environment and human influence.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 The environmental issue.- 1.3 The environment, abiotic and biotic components.- 1.4 The ecosystem, energy flow, biogeochemical cycling and biodiversity.- 1.5 Human population increase and its influence on the environment.- 1.6 The problem of environmental pollutants.- 1.7 The scope and nature of the problem of toxic chemicals.- 1.8 The strategy of sustainable development.- 1.9 Clean technology in relation to major industrial processes.- 1.10 Concluding remarks.- References.- 2 Atmospheric pollution: components, mechanisms, control and remediation.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 The structure of the atmosphere.- 2.3 Key air pollution species.- 2.4 Air quality standards and guidelines.- 2.5 Emissions of air pollutants.- 2.6 Transport, reaction and deposition of air pollutants.- 2.7 Toxic organic pollutants.- 2.8 Acid deposition.- 2.9 Stratòspheric ozone depletion.- 2.10 The greenhouse effect.- 2.11 Conclusions.- References.- 3 Water pollution.- 3.1 Introduction: water — the essential resource.- 3.2 The present state of the aquatic environment.- 3.3 The impact of pollution on aquatic systems.- 3.4 Legislation and control systems.- 3.5 The way ahead.- References.- 4 Bioremediation: a practical solution to land pollution.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Microbial nutrition and environmental requirements.- 4.3 Bioremediation options.- 4.4 Composting.- 4.5 Land treatment.- 4.6 In situ bioremediation.- 4.7 The oxygen question.- 4.8 Conclusions.- References.- 5 The economics of pollution.- 5.1 Introduction: environmental economics.- 5.2 The basic analytics.- 5.3 Illustrating the economic approach — ‘energy adders’.- 5.4 An application to recycling and waste disposal.- 5.5 Conclusions.- References.- 6 Introduction to cleantechnology.- 6.1 Clean technology and clean-up technology.- 6.2 How clean is the technology? Environmental life cycle assessment.- 6.3 Services and commodities.- 6.4 Materials reuse: the new industrial ecology.- 6.5 Waste reduction at source.- 6.6 Concluding remarks.- References.- 7 Agricultural and pharmaceutical chemicals.- 7.1 Introduction — agricultural and pharmaceutical chemicals.- 7.2 Why clean technology?.- 7.3 Clean technology is not new.- 7.4 What has caused the move towards clean technology?.- 7.5 The need for an even playing field.- 7.6 Position of agricultural and pharmaceutical chemicals businesses.- 7.7 The future for agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals.- 7.8 Importance of agriculture.- 7.9 Plant nutrition.- 7.10 Animal health and nutrition.- 7.11 Outline of historical development of agrochemicals.- 7.12 Outline of problems with pesticides.- 7.13 The DDT experience.- 7.14 The 2,4,5-T experience.- 7.15 Legislative control relating to pesticides.- 7.16 Agrochemicals — finding new active ingredients.- 7.17 The pharmaceutical chemicals industry.- 7.18 Outline of historical development of pharmaceutical chemicals.- 7.19 Outline of problems with pharmaceutical chemicals.- 7.20 The thalidomide experience.- 7.21 Legislative control relating to pharmaceutical chemicals.- 7.22 Finding new pharmaceutical actives.- 7.23 Pharmaceutical process development.- 7.24 Pharmaceutical formulation development.- 7.25 Conclusion.- References.- 8 Plastics.- 8.1 Plastics today.- 8.2 Source and nature of plastics.- 8.3 Common plastics and their uses.- 8.4 Cleaner technology of plastics production.- 8.5 Life cycle analysis.- 8.6 Processes available for recycling plastics.- 8.7 Biodegradable plastics.- 8.8 Legislation.- 8.9 Conclusions.- 8.10 Information sources.- References.- 9Clean technology in the food industry.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Ingredients and processing: environmental contamination of foods.- 9.3 Cleaning of food process plant.- 9.4 Liquid and solid wastes.- 9.5 Opportunities for waste minimisation.- 9.6 The environmental impact of food packaging.- 9.7 Clean technology and the food industry.- References.- 10 Clean synthesis.- 10.1 Scope of chapter.- 10.2 Stochiometric reactions.- 10.3 Non-biological catalysts.- 10.4 Biological catalysis.- 10.5 Embryonic ideas in conclusion.- References.- 11 Clean energy supply and use.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Principles of clean energy.- 11.3 Consequences of the laws of thermodynamics and matter.- 11.4 Case studies.- 11.5 Conclusions.- References.

It would be of value to someone in industry or academia venturing into the subject and wanting an overview of the issues. - Environmental Pollution; This is an excellent book which can be recommended for teachers and students alike, technocrats and all those interested in making the earth a better place to live in. - Chemical Business; ...well recommended to all environmental scientists from advanced undergraduate course level upwards... - Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology; ...a useful read. - Integrated Environmental Management

• 1 Environment and human influence.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 The environmental issue.- 1.3 The environment, abiotic and biotic components.- 1.4 The ecosystem, energy flow, biogeochemical cycling and biodiversity.- 1.5 Human population increase and its influence on the environment.- 1.6 The problem of environmental pollutants.- 1.7 The scope and nature of the problem of toxic chemicals.- 1.8 The strategy of sustainable development.- 1.9 Clean technology in relation to major industrial processes.- 1.10 Concluding remarks.- References.- 2 Atmospheric pollution: components, mechanisms, control and remediation.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 The structure of the atmosphere.- 2.3 Key air pollution species.- 2.4 Air quality standards and guidelines.- 2.5 Emissions of air pollutants.- 2.6 Transport, reaction and deposition of air pollutants.- 2.7 Toxic organic pollutants.- 2.8 Acid deposition.- 2.9 Stratòspheric ozone depletion.- 2.10 The greenhouse effect.- 2.11 Conclusions.- References.- 3 Water pollution.- 3.1 Introduction: water — the essential resource.- 3.2 The present state of the aquatic environment.- 3.3 The impact of pollution on aquatic systems.- 3.4 Legislation and control systems.- 3.5 The way ahead.- References.- 4 Bioremediation: a practical solution to land pollution.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Microbial nutrition and environmental requirements.- 4.3 Bioremediation options.- 4.4 Composting.- 4.5 Land treatment.- 4.6 In situ bioremediation.- 4.7 The oxygen question.- 4.8 Conclusions.- References.- 5 The economics of pollution.- 5.1 Introduction: environmental economics.- 5.2 The basic analytics.- 5.3 Illustrating the economic approach — ‘energy adders’.- 5.4 An application to recycling and waste disposal.- 5.5 Conclusions.- References.- 6 Introduction to cleantechnology.- 6.1 Clean technology and clean-up technology.- 6.2 How clean is the technology? Environmental life cycle assessment.- 6.3 Services and commodities.- 6.4 Materials reuse: the new industrial ecology.- 6.5 Waste reduction at source.- 6.6 Concluding remarks.- References.- 7 Agricultural and pharmaceutical chemicals.- 7.1 Introduction — agricultural and pharmaceutical chemicals.- 7.2 Why clean technology?.- 7.3 Clean technology is not new.- 7.4 What has caused the move towards clean technology?.- 7.5 The need for an even playing field.- 7.6 Position of agricultural and pharmaceutical chemicals businesses.- 7.7 The future for agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals.- 7.8 Importance of agriculture.- 7.9 Plant nutrition.- 7.10 Animal health and nutrition.- 7.11 Outline of historical development of agrochemicals.- 7.12 Outline of problems with pesticides.- 7.13 The DDT experience.- 7.14 The 2,4,5-T experience.- 7.15 Legislative control relating to pesticides.- 7.16 Agrochemicals — finding new active ingredients.- 7.17 The pharmaceutical chemicals industry.- 7.18 Outline of historical development of pharmaceutical chemicals.- 7.19 Outline of problems with pharmaceutical chemicals.- 7.20 The thalidomide experience.- 7.21 Legislative control relating to pharmaceutical chemicals.- 7.22 Finding new pharmaceutical actives.- 7.23 Pharmaceutical process development.- 7.24 Pharmaceutical formulation development.- 7.25 Conclusion.- References.- 8 Plastics.- 8.1 Plastics today.- 8.2 Source and nature of plastics.- 8.3 Common plastics and their uses.- 8.4 Cleaner technology of plastics production.- 8.5 Life cycle analysis.- 8.6 Processes available for recycling plastics.- 8.7 Biodegradable plastics.- 8.8 Legislation.- 8.9 Conclusions.- 8.10 Information sources.- References.- 9Clean technology in the food industry.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Ingredients and processing: environmental contamination of foods.- 9.3 Cleaning of food process plant.- 9.4 Liquid and solid wastes.- 9.5 Opportunities for waste minimisation.- 9.6 The environmental impact of food packaging.- 9.7 Clean technology and the food industry.- References.- 10 Clean synthesis.- 10.1 Scope of chapter.- 10.2 Stochiometric reactions.- 10.3 Non-biological catalysts.- 10.4 Biological catalysis.- 10.5 Embryonic ideas in conclusion.- References.- 11 Clean energy supply and use.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Principles of clean energy.- 11.3 Consequences of the laws of thermodynamics and matter.- 11.4 Case studies.- 11.5 Conclusions.- References.

It would be of value to someone in industry or academia venturing into the subject and wanting an overview of the issues. - Environmental Pollution; This is an excellent book which can be recommended for teachers and students alike, technocrats and all those interested in making the earth a better place to live in. - Chemical Business; ...well recommended to all environmental scientists from advanced undergraduate course level upwards... - Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology; ...a useful read. - Integrated Environmental Management

• 1 Environment and human influence.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 The environmental issue.- 1.3 The environment, abiotic and biotic components.- 1.4 The ecosystem, energy flow, biogeochemical cycling and biodiversity.- 1.5 Human population increase and its influence on the environment.- 1.6 The problem of environmental pollutants.- 1.7 The scope and nature of the problem of toxic chemicals.- 1.8 The strategy of sustainable development.- 1.9 Clean technology in relation to major industrial processes.- 1.10 Concluding remarks.- References.- 2 Atmospheric pollution: components, mechanisms, control and remediation.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 The structure of the atmosphere.- 2.3 Key air pollution species.- 2.4 Air quality standards and guidelines.- 2.5 Emissions of air pollutants.- 2.6 Transport, reaction and deposition of air pollutants.- 2.7 Toxic organic pollutants.- 2.8 Acid deposition.- 2.9 Stratòspheric ozone depletion.- 2.10 The greenhouse effect.- 2.11 Conclusions.- References.- 3 Water pollution.- 3.1 Introduction: water — the essential resource.- 3.2 The present state of the aquatic environment.- 3.3 The impact of pollution on aquatic systems.- 3.4 Legislation and control systems.- 3.5 The way ahead.- References.- 4 Bioremediation: a practical solution to land pollution.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Microbial nutrition and environmental requirements.- 4.3 Bioremediation options.- 4.4 Composting.- 4.5 Land treatment.- 4.6 In situ bioremediation.- 4.7 The oxygen question.- 4.8 Conclusions.- References.- 5 The economics of pollution.- 5.1 Introduction: environmental economics.- 5.2 The basic analytics.- 5.3 Illustrating the economic approach — ‘energy adders’.- 5.4 An application to recycling and waste disposal.- 5.5 Conclusions.- References.- 6 Introduction to cleantechnology.- 6.1 Clean technology and clean-up technology.- 6.2 How clean is the technology? Environmental life cycle assessment.- 6.3 Services and commodities.- 6.4 Materials reuse: the new industrial ecology.- 6.5 Waste reduction at source.- 6.6 Concluding remarks.- References.- 7 Agricultural and pharmaceutical chemicals.- 7.1 Introduction — agricultural and pharmaceutical chemicals.- 7.2 Why clean technology?.- 7.3 Clean technology is not new.- 7.4 What has caused the move towards clean technology?.- 7.5 The need for an even playing field.- 7.6 Position of agricultural and pharmaceutical chemicals businesses.- 7.7 The future for agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals.- 7.8 Importance of agriculture.- 7.9 Plant nutrition.- 7.10 Animal health and nutrition.- 7.11 Outline of historical development of agrochemicals.- 7.12 Outline of problems with pesticides.- 7.13 The DDT experience.- 7.14 The 2,4,5-T experience.- 7.15 Legislative control relating to pesticides.- 7.16 Agrochemicals — finding new active ingredients.- 7.17 The pharmaceutical chemicals industry.- 7.18 Outline of historical development of pharmaceutical chemicals.- 7.19 Outline of problems with pharmaceutical chemicals.- 7.20 The thalidomide experience.- 7.21 Legislative control relating to pharmaceutical chemicals.- 7.22 Finding new pharmaceutical actives.- 7.23 Pharmaceutical process development.- 7.24 Pharmaceutical formulation development.- 7.25 Conclusion.- References.- 8 Plastics.- 8.1 Plastics today.- 8.2 Source and nature of plastics.- 8.3 Common plastics and their uses.- 8.4 Cleaner technology of plastics production.- 8.5 Life cycle analysis.- 8.6 Processes available for recycling plastics.- 8.7 Biodegradable plastics.- 8.8 Legislation.- 8.9 Conclusions.- 8.10 Information sources.- References.- 9Clean technology in the food industry.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Ingredients and processing: environmental contamination of foods.- 9.3 Cleaning of food process plant.- 9.4 Liquid and solid wastes.- 9.5 Opportunities for waste minimisation.- 9.6 The environmental impact of food packaging.- 9.7 Clean technology and the food industry.- References.- 10 Clean synthesis.- 10.1 Scope of chapter.- 10.2 Stochiometric reactions.- 10.3 Non-biological catalysts.- 10.4 Biological catalysis.- 10.5 Embryonic ideas in conclusion.- References.- 11 Clean energy supply and use.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Principles of clean energy.- 11.3 Consequences of the laws of thermodynamics and matter.- 11.4 Case studies.- 11.5 Conclusions.- References.

It would be of value to someone in industry or academia venturing into the subject and wanting an overview of the issues. - Environmental Pollution; This is an excellent book which can be recommended for teachers and students alike, technocrats and all those interested in making the earth a better place to live in. - Chemical Business; ...well recommended to all environmental scientists from advanced undergraduate course level upwards... - Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology; ...a useful read. - Integrated Environmental Management