Clean Craftsmanship

Robert C. Martin ("Uncle Bob") wrote his first line of code at the age of 12 in 1964 and has been employed as a programmer since 1970. He is cofounder of cleancoders.com, offering online video training for software developers, and is founder of Uncle Bob Consulting LLC, offering software consulting, training, and skill development services to major corporations worldwide. He served as the Master Craftsman at 8th Light, Inc., a Chicago-based software consulting firm. Mr. Martin has published dozens of articles in various trade journals, authored many books, and is a regular speaker at international conferences and trade shows.

• Foreword xviiPreface xxiAcknowledgments xxviiAbout the Author xxix Chapter 1: Craftsmanship 1Part I: The Disciplines 11 Extreme Programming 13 Test-Driven Development 15 Refactoring 16 Simple Design 17 Collaborative Programming 17 Acceptance Tests 18 Chapter 2: Test-Driven Development 19 Overview 20 The Basics 35 Conclusion 79 Chapter 3: Advanced TDD 81 Sort 1 82 Sort 2 87 Getting Stuck 95 Arrange, Act, Assert 103 Test Doubles 108 Architecture 143 Conclusion 145 Chapter 4: Test Design 147 Testing Databases 148 Testing GUIs 150 Test Patterns 154 Test Design 160 Transformation Priority Premise 184 Conclusion 196 Chapter 5: Refactoring 197 What Is Refactoring? 199 The Basic Toolkit 200 The Disciplines 217 Conclusion 221 Chapter 6: Simple Design 223 YAGNI 226 Covered by Tests 228 Maximize Expression 233 Minimize Duplication 237 Minimize Size 239 Chapter 7: Collaborative Programming 241Chapter 8: Acceptance Tests 245 The Discipline 248 The Continuous Build 249 Part II: The Standards 251 Your New CTO 252 Chapter 9: Productivity 253 We Will Never Ship S**T 254 Inexpensive Adaptability 256 We Will Always Be Ready 258 Stable Productivity 259 Chapter 10: Quality 261 Continuous Improvement 262 Fearless Competence 263 Extreme Quality 264 We Will Not Dump on QA 265 QA Will Find Nothing 266 Test Automation 267 Automated Testing and User Interfaces 268 Testing the User Interface 269 Chapter 11: Courage 271 We Cover for Each Other 272 Honest Estimates 274 You Must Say NO 276 Continuous Aggressive Learning 277 Mentoring 278 Part III: The Ethics 279 The First Programmer 280 Seventy-Five Years 281 Nerds and Saviors 286 Role Models and Villains 289 We Rule the World 290 Catastrophes 291 The Oath 293 Chapter 12: Harm 295 First, Do No Harm 296 Best Work 306 Repeatable Proof 316 Chapter 13: Integrity 327 Small Cycles 328 Relentless Improvement 342 Maintain High Productivity 346 Chapter 14: Teamwork 355 Work as a Team 356 Estimate Honestly and Fairly 358 Respect 372 Never Stop Learning 373 Index 375

"Bob's Clean Craftsmanship has done a great job explaining the purposes of agile technical practices, along with a deep historical basis for how they came into existence, as well as positioning for why they will always be important. His involvement in history and formation of agility, thorough understanding of practices, and their purposes reflect vividly throughout the manuscript." —Tim Ottinger, well-known Agile Coach and author "Bob's writing style is excellent. It is easy to read and the concepts are explained in perfect detail for even a new programmer to follow. Bob even has some funny moments, which pleasantly snap you out of focus. The true value of the book is really in the cry for change, for something better . . . the cry for programmers to be professional . . . the realization that software is everywhere. Additionally, I believe there is a lot of value in all the history Bob provides. I enjoy that he doesn't waste time laying blame for how we got to where we are now. Bob calls people to action, asking them to take responsibility by increasing their standards and level of professionalism, even if that means pushing back sometimes." —Heather Kanser "As software developers, we have to continually solve important problems for our employers, customers, colleagues, and future selves. Getting the app to work, though difficult, is not enough, it does not make you a craftsman. With an app working, you have passed the app-titude test. You may have the aptitude to be a craftsman, but there is more to master. In these pages, Bob expresses clearly the techniques and responsibilities to go beyond the app-titude test and shows the way of the serious software craftsman." —James Grenning, author of Test-Driven Development for Embedded C and Agile Manifesto co-author "Bob's one of the very few famous developers with whom I'd like to work on a tech project. It's not because he's a good developer, famous, or a good communicator; it's because Bob helps me be a better developer and a team member. He has spotted every major development trend, years ahead of others, and has been able to explain its importance, which encouraged me to learn. Back when I started--apart from being honest and a good person--the idea of craftsmanship and ethics was completely missing from this field. Now, it seems to be the most important thing professional developers can learn, even ahead of coding itself. I'm happy to see Bob leading the way again. I can't wait to hear his perspective and incorporate it into my own practice." —Daniel Markham, Principal, Bedford Technology Group, Inc.