Classical Sociological Theory

Craig Calhoun is University Professor of Social Sciences at Arizona State University, USA and former Director of the London School of Economics and President of the Social Science Research Council.Joseph Gerteis is Professor of Sociology and co-Director of the American Mosaic Project at the University of Minnesota, USA. His research focuses on race, ethnicity, and political culture. James Moody is Professor of Sociology at Duke University, USA, and Director of the Duke Network Analysis Center. His work focuses on the network foundations of social cohesion and diffusion. Steven Pfaff is Professor of Sociology at the University of Washington, USA. His research focuses on religion, politics and social change. Indermohan Virk is Executive Director of the Patten Foundation and the Poynter Center for the Study of Ethics and American Institutions at Indiana University Bloomington, USA.

• Notes on the Editors ixAcknowledgments xiGeneral Introduction 1Part I Precursors to Sociological Theory 25Introduction to Part I 271 Of the Natural Condition and the Commonwealth (from Leviathan) 36Thomas Hobbes2 Of the Social Contract (from The Social Contract) 44Jean-Jacques Rousseau3 What is Enlightenment? (from Immanuel Kant, The Philosophy of Kant) 55Immanuel Kant4 The Wealth of Nations (from The Wealth of Nations) 60Adam SmithPart II Liberal Theories of Social Order 71Introduction to Part II 735 Influence of Democracy on the Feelings of the Americans (from Democracy in America) 83Alexis de Tocqueville6 Tyranny of the Majority (from Democracy in America) 102Alexis de Tocqueville7 What Sort of Despotism Democratic Nations Have to Fear (from Democracy in America) 112Alexis de Tocqueville8 Society in America (from Society in America) 118Harriet Martineau9 “A Belated Industry” 126Jane Addams10 Freedom in a Complex Society (from The Great Transformation) 133Karl PolanyiPart III The Sociological Theory of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels 141Introduction to Part III 14311 The German Ideology (from The German Ideology, Part One) 154Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels12 Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1884 (from Collected Works, Vol 3) 158Karl Marx13 Manifesto of the Communist Party (from Collected Works, Vol 6) 168Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels14 Wage-Labour and Capital (from Karl Marx: Selected Works) 183Karl Marx15 Classes (from Collected Works, Vol 37) 191Karl Marx16 The Fetishism of Commodities and the Secret Thereof (from Capital, An Abridged Edition) 193Karl Marx17 The General Formula for Capital (from Capital, An Abridged Edition) 198Karl MarxPart IV The Sociological Theory of Emile Durkheim 203Introduction to Part IV 20518 The Rules of Sociological Method (from The Rules of Sociological Method) 211Emile Durkheim19 The Division of Labor in Society (from The Division of Labor in Society) 228Emile Durkheim20 The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life (from Elementary forms of the Religious Life) 250Emile Durkheim21 Suicide (from Suicide: A Study in Sociology) 262Emile DurkheimPart V The Sociological Theory of Max Weber 271Introduction to Part V 27322 “Objectivity” in Social Science (from The Methodology of the Social Sciences) 279Max Weber23 Basic Sociological Terms (from The Theory of Social and Economic Organization) 286Max Weber24 The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (from Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism with Other Writings on the Rise of the West) 296Max Weber25 The Distribution of Power within the Political Community: Class, Status, Party (from Max Weber: Essays in Sociology) 314Max Weber26 The Types of Legitimate Domination (from The Theory of Social and Economic Organization) 323Max Weber27 Bureaucracy (from Max Weber: Essays in Sociology) 331Max WeberPart VI Self and Society 341Introduction to Part VI 34328 The Self (from Mind, Self and Society: From the Standpoint of a Social Behaviorist) 348George Herbert Mead29 The Stranger (from Georg Simmel: On Individuality and Social Forms) 361Georg Simmel30 The Triad (from The Sociology of Georg Simmel) 366Georg Simmel31 The Metropolis and Mental Life (from Georg Simmel on Individuality and Social Forms) 372Georg Simmel32 The Souls of Black Folk (from The Souls of Black Folk) 381W.E.B. Du Bois33 The Damnation of Women (from W.E.B. Du Bois A Reader) 387W.E.B. Du BoisPart VII Critical Theory 397Introduction to Part VII 39934 Traditional and Critical Theory (from Critical Theory: Selected Essays) 406Max Horkheimer35 The Culture Industry (from The Dialectic of Enlightenment) 418Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno36 One-Dimensional Man (from One-Dimensional Man: Studies in the Ideology of Advanced Industrial Society) 430Herbert Marcuse37 “Reflections on Violence” 438Hannah ArendtPart VIII Sociology of Knowledge 445Introduction to Part VIII 44738 Ideology and Utopia (from Ideology and Utopia) 451Karl Mannheim39 The Social Construction of Reality (from The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge) 462Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann40 The Phenomenology of the Social World (from The Phenomenology of the Social World) 471Alfred SchutzPart IX Functionalism 483Introduction to Part IX 48541 The Position of Sociological Theory (from The Position of Sociological Theory) 491Talcott Parsons42 Manifest and Latent Functions (from Social Theory and Social Structure) 498Robert K. Merton43 “Social Structure and Anomie” 505Robert K. MertonPart X Social Exchange 513Introduction to Part X 51544 Social Behavior as Exchange 520George C. Homans45 Exchange and Power in Social Life (from Exchange and Power in Social Life) 531Peter M. BlauIndex 543

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