Clark's Pocket Handbook for Radiographers

A Stewart Whitley, Radiology Advisor, UK Radiology Advisory Services, Preston, Lancashire, UK and Former Director of Professional Practice, International Society of Radiographers and Radiological Technologists (ISRRT)Charles Sloane, Principal Lecturer and Professional Lead for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, University of Cumbria, Lancaster, UKGail Jefferson, Senior Lecturer and Programme Lead for Diagnostic Radiography, Institute of Health, University of Cumbria, Lancaster; Reporting Radiographer, North Cumbria Integrated Care, Carlisle, UKKen Holmes, formerly Senior Lecturer, Institute of Health, University of Cumbria, Lancaster, UK.Craig Anderson, Senior Lecturer, Institute of Health, University of Cumbria, Lancaster; Clinical Tutor and Reporting Radiographer, Furness General Hospital, Cumbria, UK

• Section 1 Key Aspects of Radiographic PracticeAnatomical TerminologyPositioning TerminologyProjection TerminologyThe Importance of Optimisation and Exposure Factors Evaluating Exposure In Digital ImagingGeometry of Image ProductionPatient Journey and examination timelineGeneral Considerations for Digital Radiographic ExaminationsPatient identity and ConsentJustification of the examinationRadiation ProtectionMedical Exposure and Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs)Standard Operating Procedure for patients of Reproductive CapacityEvaluating Images: 'The 10-point plan'Guidelines for the Assessment of Trauma ImagesTheatre RadiographyWard RadiographyBariatric ImagingSection 2 Radiographic Projections Abdomen – Antero-Posterior SupineAbdomen Antero-Posterior – Left Lateral DecubitusAcromioclavicular JointAnkle – Antero-Posterior/ Mortise JointAnkle – LateralCalcaneum – AxialCervical Spine – Antero- Posterior C3–C7Cervical Spine – Antero- Posterior C1–C2 ‘Open Mouth’Cervical Spine – Lateral ErectCervical Spine – Lateral ‘Swimmers’Cervical Spine – Lateral SupineCervical Spine – Posterior ObliqueCervical Spine – Flexion and ExtensionChest – Postero-anteriorChest – Antero-posterior (Erect)Chest – LateralChest – Supine (Anteroposterior)Chest – Mobile/ Portable (Antero-posterior)Chest - Mobile (Posterior-anterior - Prone) Clavicle – Postero-anteriorClavicle – Infero-superiorElbow – Antero-posteriorElbow AP – Antero-Posterior alternative Projections for TraumaElbow – LateralFacial Bones – Occipito-mental (OM)Facial Bones – Occipito-mental 30-degree Caudal (OM 30)Femur – Antero-posteriorFemur – LateralFingers – Dorsi-palmarFingers – Lateral Index and Middle FingersFingers – Lateral Ring and Little FingersFoot – Dorsi-plantarFoot – Dorsi-plantar ObliqueFoot – Lateral ErectForearm – Antero-posteriorForearm – LateralHand – Dorsi-palmarHand – Dorsi-palmar ObliqueHand – LateralHip: AP (Antero-posterior) – Single HipHip – Lateral Air-gap Technique (Trauma)Hip - Lateral Neck of Femur Hip – Posterior Oblique (Lauenstein’s)Hips (Both) – Lateral (‘Frog’s Legs’ Position)Humerus – Antero-posteriorHumerus – LateralKnee – Antero-posteriorKnee – Lateral (Basic)Knee – Horizontal Beam Lateral (Trauma)Knee – Tunnel/Intercondylar NotchKnee – ‘Skyline’ Patellar (Supero-inferior)Lumbar Spine – Antero-posteriorLumbar Spine – LateralLumbar Spine – ObliqueLumbo-sacral Junction (L5–S1) – LateralMandible – Postero-anteriorMandible – Lateral Oblique 30-degree CranialOrbits – Occipito-mental (Modified)Orthopantomography (OPG/DPT)Pelvis AP Antero-posteriorSacro-iliac Joints – Postero-anteriorSacrum – Antero-posteriorSacrum – LateralScaphoid Postero-anterior with Ulnar DeviationScaphoid – Anterior Oblique with Ulnar DeviationScaphoid – Posterior ObliqueScaphoid – Postero-anterior, Ulnar Deviation and 30-degree CranialShoulder Girdle – Anteroposterior (15-degree) ErectShoulder Girdle – Anteroposterior (Glenohumeral Joint) – Modified (GrasheyProjection)Shoulder – Supero-inferior (Axial)Shoulder – Anterior Oblique (‘Y’ Projection)Sinuses – Occipito-mentalSkull – Occipito-frontal (OF)Skull – Occipito-frontal 30-degree Cranial (Reverse Towne’s)Skull – Lateral ErectSkull – Fronto-occipital (Supine/Trolley)Skull – Fronto-occipital 30-degree Caudal (Towne’s Projection) (Supine/Trolley)Skull – Lateral (Supine/Trolley)Skull ‘Head’ – CTSternum – LateralThoracic Spine – Antero-posteriorThoracic Spine – LateralThumb – Antero-posteriorThumb – LateralTibia and Fibula – AnteroposteriorTibia and Fibula – LateralToe – Hallux – LateralToes – Dorsi-plantarToes – Second to Fifth – Dorsi-plantar ObliqueWrist – Postero-anteriorWrist – LateralZygomatic Arches – Infero-superiorSection 3 Useful Information for Radiographic Practice Non-Imaging Diagnostic TestsMedical TerminologyMedical and Radiographic AbbreviationsIndex

'invaluable to students and newly-qualified radiographers, due to its clear format, well indexed content and comprehensive text [and] packedfull of accurate, accessible and useful information.This revised third edition has evolved to reflect the prevailing challenges and changes faced by radiographersin the modern imaging department. I would highly recommend this book to any radiographer or radiography student who wants a comprehensiveand up-to-date practical reference guide in a pocket-sized format.' Jo Brown, Senior Radiographer, Lymington New Forest Hospital, Southern HealthNHS Foundation Trust for RAD Magazine