Civil War

Gaius Julius Caesar was born in 100BC into an ancient patrician family. He was imprisoned for a time with his familly, for protesting against the then leadership of Sulla, but advanced slowly through the sixties rising to the rank of praetor and forming the 'first triumvirate' with Pompey and Crassus. Elected consul in 59BC, he then became Governor for Transalpine Gaul. After the death of Crassus and the defeat of Pompey in 45BC, Caesar returned to Rome as dictator. He was assassinated in March 44BC.Jane Gardner received degrees in Classics from Glasgow and Oxford Universities and was Senior Lecturer in Classics at Reading University. She is the author of, among others, Women in Roman Law and Society and The Roman Household: A Sourcebook.

• The Civil WarIntroductionHistorical backgroundCaesar - the man and his aimsThe Civil War and the continuationsBibliographical NoteTranslator's NoteCaesar: The Civil WarPart I: The Struggle Begins1. Intransigence at Rome2. Caesar reacts3. The Seige of Corfinium4. Pompey leaves Italy5. Caesar's Senate6. Resistance at Massilia7. The First Spanish campaign - Ilerda8. A naval fight at Massilia9. Spain - a war of attrition10. The Pompeians capitulatePart II: Securing the West1. The Seige of Massilia2. Spain - the surrender of Varro3. Massilia capitulates4. Africa - Curio's campaign5. Curio's last standPart III: The Great Confrontation1. Caesar in Italy - Pompey's preparations2. Negotiations in Epirus3. Trouble in Italy4. Antony runs the gauntlet5. The Lieutenants in Macedon6. Stalemate at Dyrrachium7. Setbacks for Caesar8. Caesar moves to Thessaly9. Pompey follows10. The battle of Pharsalus11. The death of Peompey12. Caesar at AlexandriaThe Alexandrian WarI. Events in Egypt1. Miltary preparations2. The water supply poisoned3. Naval engagements4. The last stagesII. Events in AsiaIII. Events in IllyricumIV. Events in SpainV. Caesar Chastens Pharnaces: ZelaThe African War1. Initail landings in Africa2. Waiting at Ruspina3. Consolidation4. Caesar takes the offense5. The Pompeians lose the initiative6. Thapsus7. The settlement of AfricaThe Spanish War1. Caesar pursues the Pompeians2. The victory of Munda3. 'Mopping-up'NotesThe Civil WarThe AlexandrainThe African WarThe Spanish WarAppendixesI. The TextII. The Ultimate DecreeIII. PharsalusIV. Chronological Outline of the Careers of Pompey and CaesarGlossary or Persons and PlacesIndex of MapsMaps and Sketch-Plans