Steven Frankel is Professor of Philosophy at Xavier University.Martin D. Yaffe is Professor of Philosophy and Religion at the University of North Texas.

• AcknowledgmentsIntroduction 1. Machiavelli, Christianity, and Civil ReligionTimothy Sean Quinn2. How Francis Bacon’s New Organon Co-opts Biblical Theology for His New AtlantisMartin D. Yaffe3. Leviathan’s Reconquest of the Christian Person for the StateMark Shiffman4. Will Wonders Never Cease? Spinoza’s Critique of Miracles Steven Frankel5. Liberalism and Christianity: Locke’s Use of the Bible in the Second Treatise Nasser Behnegar6. Montesquieu’s Machiavellian Account of Civil ReligionAndrea Radasanu7. Montesquieu and Christianity in the American Project: The Moderate SpiritPaul Carrese8. Hume on Church Establishments: History, Moderation, and LibertyAaron Szymkowiak9. Rousseau’s Civil Religion “Problem” John Ray10. How the Founders Agreed About Religious Freedom but Disagreed About the Separation of Church and StateVincent Phillip Muñoz and Kevin Vance11. Tocqueville on Religion and Democratic Character: Equality, Mediocrity, and GreatnessAaron L. HeroldList of Contributors Index

“The question of civil religion deserves our renewed interest, as we witness the longstanding assumptions of modern secularization being shaken. This excellent collection of essays on that old and timely subject brings out both the common assumptions and a range of controversies among liberalism’s founding thinkers. Add to the mix a healthy dose of disagreement among the essays’ authors, and there is much food for thought here.”—J. Judd Owen, author of Making Religion Safe for Democracy: Transformation from Hobbes to Tocqueville

Steven Frankel is Professor of Philosophy at Xavier University.Martin D. Yaffe is Professor of Philosophy and Religion at the University of North Texas.

• AcknowledgmentsIntroduction 1. Machiavelli, Christianity, and Civil ReligionTimothy Sean Quinn2. How Francis Bacon’s New Organon Co-opts Biblical Theology for His New AtlantisMartin D. Yaffe3. Leviathan’s Reconquest of the Christian Person for the StateMark Shiffman4. Will Wonders Never Cease? Spinoza’s Critique of Miracles Steven Frankel5. Liberalism and Christianity: Locke’s Use of the Bible in the Second Treatise Nasser Behnegar6. Montesquieu’s Machiavellian Account of Civil ReligionAndrea Radasanu7. Montesquieu and Christianity in the American Project: The Moderate SpiritPaul Carrese8. Hume on Church Establishments: History, Moderation, and LibertyAaron Szymkowiak9. Rousseau’s Civil Religion “Problem” John Ray10. How the Founders Agreed About Religious Freedom but Disagreed About the Separation of Church and StateVincent Phillip Muñoz and Kevin Vance11. Tocqueville on Religion and Democratic Character: Equality, Mediocrity, and GreatnessAaron L. HeroldList of Contributors Index

“The question of civil religion deserves our renewed interest, as we witness the longstanding assumptions of modern secularization being shaken. This excellent collection of essays on that old and timely subject brings out both the common assumptions and a range of controversies among liberalism’s founding thinkers. Add to the mix a healthy dose of disagreement among the essays’ authors, and there is much food for thought here.”—J. Judd Owen, author of Making Religion Safe for Democracy: Transformation from Hobbes to Tocqueville

Steven Frankel is Professor of Philosophy at Xavier University.Martin D. Yaffe is Professor of Philosophy and Religion at the University of North Texas.

• AcknowledgmentsIntroduction 1. Machiavelli, Christianity, and Civil ReligionTimothy Sean Quinn2. How Francis Bacon’s New Organon Co-opts Biblical Theology for His New AtlantisMartin D. Yaffe3. Leviathan’s Reconquest of the Christian Person for the StateMark Shiffman4. Will Wonders Never Cease? Spinoza’s Critique of Miracles Steven Frankel5. Liberalism and Christianity: Locke’s Use of the Bible in the Second Treatise Nasser Behnegar6. Montesquieu’s Machiavellian Account of Civil ReligionAndrea Radasanu7. Montesquieu and Christianity in the American Project: The Moderate SpiritPaul Carrese8. Hume on Church Establishments: History, Moderation, and LibertyAaron Szymkowiak9. Rousseau’s Civil Religion “Problem” John Ray10. How the Founders Agreed About Religious Freedom but Disagreed About the Separation of Church and StateVincent Phillip Muñoz and Kevin Vance11. Tocqueville on Religion and Democratic Character: Equality, Mediocrity, and GreatnessAaron L. HeroldList of Contributors Index

“The question of civil religion deserves our renewed interest, as we witness the longstanding assumptions of modern secularization being shaken. This excellent collection of essays on that old and timely subject brings out both the common assumptions and a range of controversies among liberalism’s founding thinkers. Add to the mix a healthy dose of disagreement among the essays’ authors, and there is much food for thought here.”—J. Judd Owen, author of Making Religion Safe for Democracy: Transformation from Hobbes to Tocqueville