Frank Perlin, University of London BA History Honours First Class; University of Leiden PhD; author of The Invisible City, and Unbroken Landscape, and substantial articles. Specialisations: historical-anthropological archival research; methodology interdisciplinary and comparative; philosophy of knowledge; derivation of the universal foundation of human reason and difference.

• Foreword by Ravi AhujaAcknowledgementsNotice to the ReaderList of IllustrationsMore than a Preface or Introduction!: The Transcendental Constitution of the Cultural, Historical and Empirical Object: The Problem and Task of the Two Anthropologies1Initial Notice—an Order of Reading2The Subject Matter and the Project3To Constitute History and Society … the Two Taxonomies4The Three Criticisms5A Critical and Transcendental Anthropology of Intercultural Translatability—the Question of Method6Final Resolution of a Dilemma: The A-Priori, at Once Universal and Empirical7The Composition of the BookPart 1: Artifice & Nature: A Kantian and Historical Anthropology of Commoditisation before Industrialisation1 From the Closed World to the Open Continuum1Complexity, Language & Uncertainty 2Order, Unit & Convenience in Economic History. Language-Use as Problem3Production and Marketing as an Issue of Complexity4Alternative Principles of Order & MethodiThe PropositionsiiSampling as MethodiiiResources for Sampling, and a HypothesisATextile Market-CensusesBRaw CottonsCPre-Spun Wools & Woollen YarnsDThe Knowledge ProblemELists of Coinages Brought to Particular Markets2 Unpacking, Disengaging and Linking1The Production and Marketing of Type: Phases, Extensions, Disengagements and ArticulationsiThe « Raw Materials » of ProductionAEmpirical LinkageBInitial ImplicationsiiCloth Typologies iiiSpeciation in Field & Market (Autonomy for Connection)2Quality and Number3A Second Object World1The ContinuumiA Problem of MethodiiCommodity NatureAAn Artificial Object World, & Its TaxonomyBMarketisation as CommunicationaMarkets & ComplexitybThe Issue of Translatability—Markets & FrontierscMarkets & Information2Kant’s Tower of Babel & the Cultural UniversaliMetaphor & ConstructioniiA Kantian Approach to Commoditisation & TranslatabilityiiiThe Universal and Cultural DifferenceAThe Problem of the Very Idea of a Universal Culture and MindBFirst Invalid—the Biological A-PrioriCSecond Invalid—Plurality of Societies as a PrioriDAn Answer—Historical Generation of the Universal as a History of Differentiation3Cultural and Natural Space/TimesiIntroduction. for an Explanation of DifferenceiiNewtonian Space/Time & Practical KnowledgeiiiSpecies Construction and Its Transcendental Space/TimeivExtension in Space/TimeARephrasing the Coordinates of Choice & Limit with Respect to ReasonBNeither Closed nor Infinite, but Finite & IllimitableaA Unity of Formative and Constructional Principle of the ExoticbBut What Kind of Unity?cA Poesis of the IncomparabledNot an Infinity but FinitudeeA Finitude Closed and Bounded? or Open and Illimitable? Our Return to Kant!fThinking the Object into Being and the Reality-Status of That ThoughtgAn Edifice Built Only with Matter Accessible to Human KindCFurther Thoughts about the Meaning of a « Universal » Culture of Practice and MindvIntersubjectivity and Non-Essentialist Construction4PostfacePart 2: Taxonomy & Commodity: In Global Transfers of Plant Forms and Plant Products into Early-modern Europe (the cultural production of nature, or the foundations of early botany)Introduction to Part 2: Plant Artifice/Plant Nature4A General Framework1Introduction: Artifice & Nature2Contexts, Empirical & Intellectual3Foundational DifficultiesiProblem DomainsiiSubstantive DiscussionAThe Continuum of Culture, Language and Systematics, and Thus TranslatabilityBThe Cultural Specificity of Any Grown Plant. Selection in Artificial BotaniesCMarket Determination of « Artificial » Plant VariationDA Partial Explanation in Terms of Transmission of Cultural Universals, in the Kantian Sense5Foundations of Botany in Western Europe1Europe and the World: The Phases and Aspects of Botanical Taxonomy and AbstractioniMedical Botany, Horta Botanica, Taxonomies & PharmacopoeiaiiThe Concept of Type, Agricultural Part-Products & Market Continua6A Postface: Narrative Style, Evolutionary Form, and the Shaping of an Early Science: BotanyAppendix 1Order in Artificial and Spontaneous NaturesAppendix 2« The Phenomenology Lesson ». A Commentary on the IllustrationsBibliography1Introduction: Selection and Translation2Kant, Hegel and Husserl 543General BibliographyIndex