Delphine Gallaud is Associate Professor in Industrial Organization at AgroSup Dijon in France. She is Vice-President of the Research Network on Innovation.Blandine Laperche is Associate Professor in Industrial Organization and Innovation at the University Littoral-Côte d’Opale in France. She is Director and Vice-President of the Research Network on Innovation.

• Preface viiIntroduction ixChapter 1. Building Region-based Sustainable Development: Vocabulary and Tools 11.1. Circular economy 21.1.1. The circular economy according to the MacArthur Foundation 21.1.2. Experiments in circular economy 51.1.3. Factual and scientific origins of circular economy 141.2. Industrial ecology 211.2.1. Industrial ecology and sustainable development 211.2.2. Industrial metabolism and symbiosis 251.2.3. Experiments in industrial ecology 281.3. Short supply chains 381.3.1. Origins of short food supply chains: criticism of industrial “long” supply chains 391.3.2. Forms and functioning of short food supply chains 441.3.3. Short supply chains: generators of social innovation 491.4. Industrial ecology, short supply chains and sustainable regional development 511.4.1. Links among these different concepts: the creation of sustainable territories 511.4.2. Proximity and innovative “milieu”: key ingredients for sustainable regional development 551.4.3. An assessment of the regional impacts of industrial ecology and short supply chains 59Chapter 2. Difficulties, Barriers and Stakes in Transitioning Towards Sustainable Regions 652.1. Barriers to the implementation of industrial ecology and short supply chains 662.1.1. The case of industrial ecology 662.1.2. The case of short food supply chains 722.2. How to overcome or reduce these obstacles: the role of service activities 842.2.1. Definition of service activities 842.2.2. What role do service activities have in the implementation of industrial ecology and short food supply chains? 862.3. Challenges for public policy 922.3.1. The issue of governance 922.3.2. The issue of coordination . 962.3.3. What is the relevant territorial scale? 99Conclusion 103Bibliography 107Index 121

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Delphine Gallaud is Associate Professor in Industrial Organization at AgroSup Dijon in France. She is Vice-President of the Research Network on Innovation.Blandine Laperche is Associate Professor in Industrial Organization and Innovation at the University Littoral-Côte d’Opale in France. She is Director and Vice-President of the Research Network on Innovation.

• Preface viiIntroduction ixChapter 1. Building Region-based Sustainable Development: Vocabulary and Tools 11.1. Circular economy 21.1.1. The circular economy according to the MacArthur Foundation 21.1.2. Experiments in circular economy 51.1.3. Factual and scientific origins of circular economy 141.2. Industrial ecology 211.2.1. Industrial ecology and sustainable development 211.2.2. Industrial metabolism and symbiosis 251.2.3. Experiments in industrial ecology 281.3. Short supply chains 381.3.1. Origins of short food supply chains: criticism of industrial “long” supply chains 391.3.2. Forms and functioning of short food supply chains 441.3.3. Short supply chains: generators of social innovation 491.4. Industrial ecology, short supply chains and sustainable regional development 511.4.1. Links among these different concepts: the creation of sustainable territories 511.4.2. Proximity and innovative “milieu”: key ingredients for sustainable regional development 551.4.3. An assessment of the regional impacts of industrial ecology and short supply chains 59Chapter 2. Difficulties, Barriers and Stakes in Transitioning Towards Sustainable Regions 652.1. Barriers to the implementation of industrial ecology and short supply chains 662.1.1. The case of industrial ecology 662.1.2. The case of short food supply chains 722.2. How to overcome or reduce these obstacles: the role of service activities 842.2.1. Definition of service activities 842.2.2. What role do service activities have in the implementation of industrial ecology and short food supply chains? 862.3. Challenges for public policy 922.3.1. The issue of governance 922.3.2. The issue of coordination . 962.3.3. What is the relevant territorial scale? 99Conclusion 103Bibliography 107Index 121

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Delphine Gallaud is Associate Professor in Industrial Organization at AgroSup Dijon in France. She is Vice-President of the Research Network on Innovation.Blandine Laperche is Associate Professor in Industrial Organization and Innovation at the University Littoral-Côte d’Opale in France. She is Director and Vice-President of the Research Network on Innovation.

• Preface viiIntroduction ixChapter 1. Building Region-based Sustainable Development: Vocabulary and Tools 11.1. Circular economy 21.1.1. The circular economy according to the MacArthur Foundation 21.1.2. Experiments in circular economy 51.1.3. Factual and scientific origins of circular economy 141.2. Industrial ecology 211.2.1. Industrial ecology and sustainable development 211.2.2. Industrial metabolism and symbiosis 251.2.3. Experiments in industrial ecology 281.3. Short supply chains 381.3.1. Origins of short food supply chains: criticism of industrial “long” supply chains 391.3.2. Forms and functioning of short food supply chains 441.3.3. Short supply chains: generators of social innovation 491.4. Industrial ecology, short supply chains and sustainable regional development 511.4.1. Links among these different concepts: the creation of sustainable territories 511.4.2. Proximity and innovative “milieu”: key ingredients for sustainable regional development 551.4.3. An assessment of the regional impacts of industrial ecology and short supply chains 59Chapter 2. Difficulties, Barriers and Stakes in Transitioning Towards Sustainable Regions 652.1. Barriers to the implementation of industrial ecology and short supply chains 662.1.1. The case of industrial ecology 662.1.2. The case of short food supply chains 722.2. How to overcome or reduce these obstacles: the role of service activities 842.2.1. Definition of service activities 842.2.2. What role do service activities have in the implementation of industrial ecology and short food supply chains? 862.3. Challenges for public policy 922.3.1. The issue of governance 922.3.2. The issue of coordination . 962.3.3. What is the relevant territorial scale? 99Conclusion 103Bibliography 107Index 121

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