Alan Richard Sweeten, Ph.D. (1980), University of California, Davis, is Adjunct Professor of History at California State University, Stanislaus. The author of many publications on Christianity in China, he is retired from teaching but remains an active researcher.

• AcknowledgmentsList of IllustrationsSpecial Terms and AcronymsList of Abbreviations1 An Introduction to Old Churches2 Church Building and Church Buildings3 The Historic Churches of Central Beijing4 Greater Beijing’s Old Church Sites and Churches5 Tianjin’s Old Sacred Structures6 Old Churches in Hebei’s Small Cities, Towns, and Villages7 The Churches of Rural Zhuozhou, Past and Present8 The Catholic LegacyAppendix 1: Chinese Catholics, Estimates by Year and PlaceAppendix 2: Additional Ecclesiastical Divisions for Zhili/HebeiAppendix 3: Currency Exchange Rate EstimatesAppendix 4: The South Church’s StelaeAppendix 5: The North Church’s StelaeAppendix 6: The West Church’s Stone TabletsAppendix 7: The Government Memorial at Tianjin’s Wanghailou ChurchGlossaryBibliographyIndex

Alan Richard Sweeten, Ph.D. (1980), University of California, Davis, is Adjunct Professor of History at California State University, Stanislaus. The author of many publications on Christianity in China, he is retired from teaching but remains an active researcher.

• AcknowledgmentsList of IllustrationsSpecial Terms and AcronymsList of Abbreviations1 An Introduction to Old Churches2 Church Building and Church Buildings3 The Historic Churches of Central Beijing4 Greater Beijing’s Old Church Sites and Churches5 Tianjin’s Old Sacred Structures6 Old Churches in Hebei’s Small Cities, Towns, and Villages7 The Churches of Rural Zhuozhou, Past and Present8 The Catholic LegacyAppendix 1: Chinese Catholics, Estimates by Year and PlaceAppendix 2: Additional Ecclesiastical Divisions for Zhili/HebeiAppendix 3: Currency Exchange Rate EstimatesAppendix 4: The South Church’s StelaeAppendix 5: The North Church’s StelaeAppendix 6: The West Church’s Stone TabletsAppendix 7: The Government Memorial at Tianjin’s Wanghailou ChurchGlossaryBibliographyIndex

Alan Richard Sweeten, Ph.D. (1980), University of California, Davis, is Adjunct Professor of History at California State University, Stanislaus. The author of many publications on Christianity in China, he is retired from teaching but remains an active researcher.

• AcknowledgmentsList of IllustrationsSpecial Terms and AcronymsList of Abbreviations1 An Introduction to Old Churches2 Church Building and Church Buildings3 The Historic Churches of Central Beijing4 Greater Beijing’s Old Church Sites and Churches5 Tianjin’s Old Sacred Structures6 Old Churches in Hebei’s Small Cities, Towns, and Villages7 The Churches of Rural Zhuozhou, Past and Present8 The Catholic LegacyAppendix 1: Chinese Catholics, Estimates by Year and PlaceAppendix 2: Additional Ecclesiastical Divisions for Zhili/HebeiAppendix 3: Currency Exchange Rate EstimatesAppendix 4: The South Church’s StelaeAppendix 5: The North Church’s StelaeAppendix 6: The West Church’s Stone TabletsAppendix 7: The Government Memorial at Tianjin’s Wanghailou ChurchGlossaryBibliographyIndex